Alterations of Smad signaling in human breast carcinoma are associated with poor outcome: a tissue microarray study.
Xie W, Mertens JC, Reiss DJ, Rimm DL, Camp RL, Haffty BG, Reiss M. Alterations of Smad signaling in human breast carcinoma are associated with poor outcome: a tissue microarray study. Cancer Research 2002, 62: 497-505. PMID: 11809701.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsBreast NeoplasmsCell DivisionCell LineDNA-Binding ProteinsFemaleGenes, BRCA1Genes, BRCA2Germ-Line MutationHeterozygoteHumansImmunohistochemistryKeratinocytesMammary Glands, AnimalMiceMice, Inbred BALB CPhosphorylationPregnancyPrognosisSignal TransductionSmad2 ProteinSmad3 ProteinSmad4 ProteinTrans-ActivatorsTransforming Growth Factor betaTumor Cells, CulturedConceptsHuman breast cancer cell linesBreast cancer cell linesHuman breast carcinomaBreast cancerCancer cell linesBreast carcinomaCell linesStage II breast cancerAxillary lymph node metastasisHuman breast cancer developmentHER2/neu expressionSmad signalingParticular histological subtypeProgesterone receptor expressionLymph node metastasisShorter overall survivalTGF-beta type II receptorTissue microarray studyBreast carcinoma specimensBreast cancer developmentTransgenic mouse modelHuman breast cancerHereditary breast cancerTGF-beta receptor signalingGrowth factor-beta signaling