Mastering the art of epicardial access in cardiac electrophysiology
Romero J, Shivkumar K, Di Biase L, Avendano R, Anderson R, Natale A, Kumar S. Mastering the art of epicardial access in cardiac electrophysiology. Heart Rhythm 2019, 16: 1738-1749. PMID: 31015022, DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2019.04.038.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsVentricular arrhythmiasEpicardial accessEpicardial spaceRight ventricular perforationAtrial appendage occlusionAtrial fibrillation proceduresRight atrial appendageCardiac magnetic resonanceEpicardial pacing leadsVentricular perforationCoronary sinusAppendage occlusionCatheter ablationEsophageal protectionCardiac proceduresAccessory pathwayAtrial appendageNerve displacementTraditional indicationsPacing leadsSafe ablationCardiac anatomyNovel indicationsMultiple technological advancesAccess success