2024
TRF2–RAP1 represses RAD51-dependent homology-directed telomere repair by promoting BLM-mediated D-loop unwinding and inhibiting BLM–DNA2-dependent 5′-end resection
Liang F, Rai R, Sodeinde T, Chang S. TRF2–RAP1 represses RAD51-dependent homology-directed telomere repair by promoting BLM-mediated D-loop unwinding and inhibiting BLM–DNA2-dependent 5′-end resection. Nucleic Acids Research 2024, 52: 9695-9709. PMID: 39082275, PMCID: PMC11381343, DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae642.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchHomology-directed repairTelomeric D-loopsD-loopChromosome fusionsD-loop formationSingle-stranded telomeric overhangsHomology searchTelomere clusteringTRFH domainPurified proteinBasic domainBlm mutantsProtect telomeresGenomic instabilityTelomeric overhangEnd resectionTRF2Molecular mechanismsTelomereTelomere lossMolecular pathwaysTelomere repairGenomeMutantsRap1
2023
Telomeres cooperate with the nuclear envelope to maintain genome stability
Rai R, Sodeinde T, Boston A, Chang S. Telomeres cooperate with the nuclear envelope to maintain genome stability. BioEssays 2023, 46: e2300184. PMID: 38047499, DOI: 10.1002/bies.202300184.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchNuclear envelopeGenome stabilityNuclear envelope ruptureKu70/Ku80Homology-directed recombinationMammalian telomeresChromosome stabilityNuclear laminsShelterin componentsProtein TRF2Envelope ruptureRepair proteinsTelomeresRap1Recent findingsProteinFunction resultsRecombinationDNA sensingForm structuresLaminsTRF2Ku80DNAHomeostasisHomology directed telomere clustering, ultrabright telomere formation and nuclear envelope rupture in cells lacking TRF2B and RAP1
Rai R, Biju K, Sun W, Sodeinde T, Al-Hiyasat A, Morgan J, Ye X, Li X, Chen Y, Chang S. Homology directed telomere clustering, ultrabright telomere formation and nuclear envelope rupture in cells lacking TRF2B and RAP1. Nature Communications 2023, 14: 2144. PMID: 37059728, PMCID: PMC10104862, DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37761-w.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsDouble-strand breaksNuclear envelopeDistinct DNA repair mechanismsNuclear envelope ruptureKu70/Ku80DNA repair mechanismsDNA-RNA hybridsBRCT domainGenome stabilityPhosphomimetic mutantTelomere formationGenotoxic stressEnvelope ruptureDysfunctional telomeresBasic domainRap1Aberrant laminTelomeresRepair mechanismsLaminsTRF2HomologyProteinShelterinADAR1p110
2017
Structural and functional analyses of the mammalian TIN2-TPP1-TRF2 telomeric complex
Hu C, Rai R, Huang C, Broton C, Long J, Xu Y, Xue J, Lei M, Chang S, Chen Y. Structural and functional analyses of the mammalian TIN2-TPP1-TRF2 telomeric complex. Cell Research 2017, 27: 1485-1502. PMID: 29160297, PMCID: PMC5717407, DOI: 10.1038/cr.2017.144.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsShelterin complexTelomeric DNAStructure-based mutagenesis analysisProtein-protein interaction platformRepetitive DNA sequencesTelomere end protectionN-terminal domainMammalian telomeresChromosome endsTelomeric complexNucleoprotein complexesMutagenesis analysisEnd protectionDNA sequencesLike domainHeterodimer bindsTIN2Functional analysisMolecular mechanismsTRF2TPP1Stable assemblyEssential roleTRF1TelomeresProbing the Telomere Damage Response
Rai R, Chang S. Probing the Telomere Damage Response. Methods In Molecular Biology 2017, 1587: 133-138. PMID: 28324505, DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6892-3_13.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTelomere dysfunctionDNA damage response signalsDNA damage repair pathwaysTelomere damage responseΓ-H2AXDamage repair pathwaysCheckpoint sensorNbs1 complexReplicative attritionMre11-Rad50Shelterin componentsDamage responseTelomeric DNADysfunctional telomeresRepair pathwaysDownstream effectorsComplete deletionTelomeresDNAPathwayTRF2Chk2Chk1KinaseEffectors
2016
TRF2-RAP1 is required to protect telomeres from engaging in homologous recombination-mediated deletions and fusions
Rai R, Chen Y, Lei M, Chang S. TRF2-RAP1 is required to protect telomeres from engaging in homologous recombination-mediated deletions and fusions. Nature Communications 2016, 7: 10881. PMID: 26941064, PMCID: PMC4785230, DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10881.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsRepressor/activator protein 1Telomere length controlTranscriptional gene regulationRepair of telomeresTelomere end protectionNon-homologous endActivator protein-1Myb domainChromosome fusionsYeast Rap1Gene regulationHDR pathwayEnd protectionBasic domainTelomere lossTelomeresHuman cellsHR factorsProtein 1Length controlPARP1Free fusionInappropriate processingTRF2Important role
2011
Probing the Telomere Damage Response
Rai R, Chang S. Probing the Telomere Damage Response. Methods In Molecular Biology 2011, 735: 145-150. PMID: 21461819, PMCID: PMC3690558, DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-092-8_14.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTelomere dysfunctionDNA damage response signalsDNA damage repair pathwaysTelomere damage responseΓ-H2AXDamage repair pathwaysCheckpoint sensorNbs1 complexReplicative attritionMre11-Rad50Shelterin componentsDamage responseTelomeric DNADysfunctional telomeresRepair pathwaysDownstream effectorsComplete deletionTelomeresDNAPathwayTRF2Chk2Chk1KinaseEffectorsA conserved motif within RAP1 has diversified roles in telomere protection and regulation in different organisms
Chen Y, Rai R, Zhou ZR, Kanoh J, Ribeyre C, Yang Y, Zheng H, Damay P, Wang F, Tsujii H, Hiraoka Y, Shore D, Hu HY, Chang S, Lei M. A conserved motif within RAP1 has diversified roles in telomere protection and regulation in different organisms. Nature Structural & Molecular Biology 2011, 18: 213-221. PMID: 21217703, PMCID: PMC3688267, DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.1974.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAmino Acid MotifsAmino Acid SequenceAnimalsCells, CulturedCrystallography, X-RayFungal ProteinsHeLa CellsHumansModels, MolecularMolecular Sequence DataMutationNuclear Magnetic Resonance, BiomolecularProtein BindingProtein Interaction Domains and MotifsSaccharomycetalesSchizosaccharomycesShelterin ComplexTelomereTelomere-Binding ProteinsTelomeric Repeat Binding Protein 2ConceptsRap1 C-terminusDifferent interacting partnersProtein Rap1Fission yeastTelomere protectionInteracting partnerTranscriptional silencingDifferent organismsC-terminusFunctional analysisInteraction moduleYeastRap1Different functionsOrganismsTaz1Sir3TRF2MammalianTelomeresSilencingMammalsMotifCrystal structureRegulation