Theobromine Improves Working Memory by Activating the CaMKII/CREB/BDNF Pathway in Rats
Islam R, Matsuzaki K, Sumiyoshi E, Hossain E, Hashimoto M, Katakura M, Sugimoto N, Shido O. Theobromine Improves Working Memory by Activating the CaMKII/CREB/BDNF Pathway in Rats. Nutrients 2019, 11: 888. PMID: 31010016, PMCID: PMC6520707, DOI: 10.3390/nu11040888.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsBrainBrain-Derived Neurotrophic FactorCacaoCalcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding ProteinDietary SupplementsMaleMaze LearningMemory, Short-TermPhosphorylationPhytotherapyPlant ExtractsRats, WistarRNA, MessengerSignal TransductionTheobromineConceptsCREB/BDNF pathwayBrain-derived neurotropic factorMedial prefrontal cortexCAMP response element-binding proteinBDNF pathwayTB ratsCN ratsNovel object recognition testPhosphorylated cAMP response element-binding proteinY-maze testMale Wistar ratsEffect of theobromineObject recognition testRadial arm maze taskEnzyme-linked immunosorbentPrimary methylxanthineBDNF levelsBDNF proteinNeurotropic factorNormal dietReal-time PCRWistar ratsDifferent brain processesElement-binding proteinP-CaMKII