Clinical Guidelines for the Use of Chronic Opioid Therapy in Chronic Noncancer Pain
Chou R, Fanciullo GJ, Fine PG, Adler JA, Ballantyne JC, Davies P, Donovan MI, Fishbain DA, Foley KM, Fudin J, Gilson AM, Kelter A, Mauskop A, O'Connor PG, Passik SD, Pasternak GW, Portenoy RK, Rich BA, Roberts RG, Todd KH, Miaskowski C, Panel A. Clinical Guidelines for the Use of Chronic Opioid Therapy in Chronic Noncancer Pain. Journal Of Pain 2009, 10: 113-130.e22. PMID: 19187889, PMCID: PMC4043401, DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2008.10.008.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsChronic opioid therapyChronic noncancer painOpioid therapyNoncancer painMultidisciplinary expert panelExpert panelSystematic reviewHigh-dose opioid therapyOpioid-related adverse effectsAdverse effectsOpioid management plansDiscontinuation of therapyAmerican Pain SocietyUse of opioidsUse of methadoneMonitoring of patientsOpioid rotationBreakthrough painOpioid prescribingDose escalationPain SocietyPatient selectionRisk stratificationClinical guidelinesOpioid abuse