Trends in the rate of shoulder dystocia over two decades
Dandolu V, Lawrence L, Gaughan J, Grotegut C, Harmanli O, Jaspan D, Hernandez E. Trends in the rate of shoulder dystocia over two decades. The Journal Of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine 2005, 18: 305-310. PMID: 16390789, DOI: 10.1080/14767050500312730.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsShoulder dystociaVaginal deliveryOverall episiotomy ratePresence of diabetesInduction of laborUse of episiotomyOccurrence of dystociaInstrumental deliverySpontaneous deliveryEpisiotomy rateVacuum deliveryRisk factorsEpisiotomyDystociaStudy periodOverall rateHigh rateDeliveryFive-year intervalsDiabetes