Practical guide to the management of acute and chronic pain in the presence of drug tolerance for the healthcare practitioner.
Vadivelu N, Singh-Gill H, Kodumudi G, Kaye AJ, Urman RD, Kaye AD. Practical guide to the management of acute and chronic pain in the presence of drug tolerance for the healthcare practitioner. Ochsner Journal 2014, 14: 426-33. PMID: 25249810, PMCID: PMC4171802.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchPain managementDrug toleranceMultidisciplinary pain managementChronic pain statesMethadone maintenance programPain statesSupportive carePatient's painChronic painMedication diversionSubstance disordersUrine testingDrug interactionsDetailed historyPatientsPainPsychiatric conditionsTimely interventionPatient's addictionPrescription drugsSafe outcomeDrug abuseAddictive disordersHealthcare practitionersMedical observation