2002
Steroids for acute spinal cord injury
Bracken M. Steroids for acute spinal cord injury. 2002, cd001046. PMID: 12137616, DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd001046.Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus StatementsConceptsAcute spinal cord injurySpinal cord injuryHours of injuryCord injuryMethylprednisolone therapySteroid treatmentPharmacological therapyRandomized trialsRecent trialsNational Acute Spinal Cord Injury StudyAcute Spinal Cord Injury StudyHigh-dose methylprednisolone steroid therapySpinal Cord Injury StudyMotor neurologic functionOnly pharmacological therapyNorth American trialsLumbar disc diseaseStart of treatmentMethylprednisolone sodium succinateCochrane Injuries GroupYears post injurySteroid therapyMaintenance infusionDose regimenInjury group
2000
Clinical Measurement, Statistical Analysis, and Risk-Benefit: Controversies from Trials of Spinal Injury
Bracken M, Aldrich E, Herr D, Hitchon P, Holford T, Marshall L, Nockels R, Pascale V, Shepard M, Sonntag V, Winn H, Young W. Clinical Measurement, Statistical Analysis, and Risk-Benefit: Controversies from Trials of Spinal Injury. Journal Of Trauma And Acute Care Surgery 2000, 48: 558-561. PMID: 10744306, DOI: 10.1097/00005373-200003000-00036.Commentaries, Editorials and LettersConceptsNational Acute Spinal Cord Injury StudyAcute Spinal Cord Injury StudyAcute spinal cord injurySpinal Cord Injury StudyClinical measurementsHigh-dose methylprednisoloneSecondary neuronal damageSpinal cord injuryRisk benefitNeuronal damageFunctional recoverySafety profileCord injuryPharmacologic agentsSpinal injuryInjury studiesInnovative therapiesTrialsStatistical analysisInjuryMulticenterMethylprednisoloneSeries of trialsTherapyPrevention
1997
Administration of methylprednisolone for 24 or 48 hours or tirilazad mesylate for 48 hours in the treatment of acute spinal cord injury. Results of the Third National Acute Spinal Cord Injury Randomized Controlled Trial. National Acute Spinal Cord Injury Study.
Bracken MB, Shepard MJ, Holford TR, Leo-Summers L, Aldrich EF, Fazl M, Fehlings M, Herr DL, Hitchon PW, Marshall LF, Nockels RP, Pascale V, Perot PL, Piepmeier J, Sonntag VK, Wagner F, Wilberger JE, Winn HR, Young W. Administration of methylprednisolone for 24 or 48 hours or tirilazad mesylate for 48 hours in the treatment of acute spinal cord injury. Results of the Third National Acute Spinal Cord Injury Randomized Controlled Trial. National Acute Spinal Cord Injury Study. JAMA 1997, 277: 1597-604. PMID: 9168289, DOI: 10.1001/jama.277.20.1597.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAcute spinal cord injurySpinal cord injuryNational Acute Spinal Cord Injury StudyFunctional Independence MeasureHours of injuryCord injuryTirilazad groupRegimen groupMethylprednisolone infusionAcute Spinal Cord Injury StudySpinal Cord Injury StudySpinal cord injury centerEfficacy of methylprednisoloneImproved motor recoveryMotor recovery rateAdministration of methylprednisoloneMotor function changesSteroid therapyMethylprednisolone groupSevere sepsisTirilazad mesylateMotor recoveryControlled TrialsInitial presentationIntravenous bolusAdministration of Methylprednisolone for 24 or 48 Hours or Tirilazad Mesylate for 48 Hours in the Treatment of Acute Spinal Cord Injury: Results of the Third National Acute Spinal Cord Injury Randomized Controlled Trial
Bracken M, Shepard M, Holford T, Leo-Summers L, Aldrich E, Fazl M, Fehlings M, Herr D, Hitchon P, Marshall L, Nockels R, Pascale V, Perot P, Piepmeier J, Sonntag V, Wagner F, Wilberger J, Winn H, Young W. Administration of Methylprednisolone for 24 or 48 Hours or Tirilazad Mesylate for 48 Hours in the Treatment of Acute Spinal Cord Injury: Results of the Third National Acute Spinal Cord Injury Randomized Controlled Trial. JAMA 1997, 277: 1597-1604. DOI: 10.1001/jama.1997.03540440031029.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchAcute spinal cord injurySpinal cord injuryNational Acute Spinal Cord Injury StudyFunctional Independence MeasureHours of injuryCord injuryTirilazad groupRegimen groupTirilazad mesylateMethylprednisolone infusionAcute Spinal Cord Injury StudySpinal Cord Injury StudySpinal cord injury centerEfficacy of methylprednisoloneImproved motor recoveryMotor recovery rateAdministration of methylprednisoloneMotor function changesSteroid therapyMethylprednisolone groupSevere sepsisMotor recoveryControlled TrialsInitial presentationIntravenous bolus
1994
The effectiveness of surgery on the treatment of acute spinal cord injury and its relation to pharmacological treatment.
Duh M, Shepard M, Wilberger J, Bracken M. The effectiveness of surgery on the treatment of acute spinal cord injury and its relation to pharmacological treatment. Neurosurgery 1994, 35: 240-8; discussion 248-9. PMID: 7969831, DOI: 10.1227/00006123-199408000-00009.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSpinal cord injuryCord injuryPharmacological treatmentSecond National Acute Spinal Cord Injury StudyNational Acute Spinal Cord Injury StudyAcute Spinal Cord Injury StudyAcute spinal cord injurySpinal Cord Injury StudySevere spinal cord injuryTraumatic spinal cord injuryValue of surgeryRole of surgeryEffectiveness of surgerySpinal cord surgeryNASCIS IINeurological improvementEarly surgeryIncomplete injuriesNeurological recoveryNeurological scoreLate surgeryCord surgeryRandomized studySurgical treatmentMotor scoresThe effect of methylprednisolone, naloxone, and spinal cord trauma on four liver enzymes: observations from NASCIS 2
Shepard M, Bracken M. The effect of methylprednisolone, naloxone, and spinal cord trauma on four liver enzymes: observations from NASCIS 2. Spinal Cord 1994, 32: 236-245. PMID: 8022633, DOI: 10.1038/sc.1994.43.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSpinal cord injuryCord injuryLiver enzymesDrug protocolsNational Acute Spinal Cord Injury StudyAcute Spinal Cord Injury StudySpinal Cord Injury StudyStudy drug infusionEnzyme levelsLiver enzyme levelsEffect of methylprednisoloneSpinal cord traumaDays post infusionSeverity of injuryTotal bilirubin testsSteroid protocolCord traumaLiver functionSpinal cordDrug infusionPost infusionInjury studiesLarge dosesBilirubin testInjury
1993
Effects of timing of methylprednisolone or naloxone administration on recovery of segmental and long-tract neurological function in NASCIS 2.
Bracken M, Holford T. Effects of timing of methylprednisolone or naloxone administration on recovery of segmental and long-tract neurological function in NASCIS 2. Journal Of Neurosurgery 1993, 79: 500-7. PMID: 8410217, DOI: 10.3171/jns.1993.79.4.0500.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsNational Acute Spinal Cord Injury StudyNeurological recoveryIncomplete injuriesNeurological functionNaloxone administrationClinical managementAcute Spinal Cord Injury StudySpinal Cord Injury StudyHigh-dose methylprednisoloneLong spinal tractsHours of injuryUltimate therapeutic goalInjury levelConsiderable clinical significanceNarrow treatment windowMethylprednisolone treatmentSpinal tractClinical significanceSegmental functionInjury studiesTherapeutic goalsTreatment windowMethylprednisoloneHigh dosesInjuryPharmacological treatment of acute spinal cord injury: current status and future projects.
Bracken M. Pharmacological treatment of acute spinal cord injury: current status and future projects. Journal Of Emergency Medicine 1993, 11 Suppl 1: 43-8. PMID: 8445202.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAcute spinal cord injurySpinal cord injuryCord injurySecond National Acute Spinal Cord Injury StudyNational Acute Spinal Cord Injury StudyAcute Spinal Cord Injury StudySpinal Cord Injury StudyEffectiveness of methylprednisoloneMethylprednisolone-treated patientsRecovery of motorHours of injuryLevel of injuryMethylprednisolone groupPinprick sensationTirilazad mesylateMethylprednisolone infusionGlucocorticoid activityInitial bolusNeurological functionPharmacological treatmentMotor functionSpinal cordInjury studiesSensory functionInjury
1992
The Second National Acute Spinal Cord Injury Study.
Young W, Bracken M. The Second National Acute Spinal Cord Injury Study. Journal Of Neurotrauma 1992, 9 Suppl 1: s397-405. PMID: 1588630.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSecond National Acute Spinal Cord Injury StudyNational Acute Spinal Cord Injury StudyAcute Spinal Cord Injury StudySpinal Cord Injury StudySpinal cord injuryNeurologic scoresCord injuryInjury studiesHuman spinal cord injurySpinal cord injury careSevere spinal cord injuryBeneficial effectsSignificant beneficial effectNeurologic recoverySuch patientsPatient populationInjury careLumbosacral segmentsFunctional assessmentLesion siteInjury severityPatientsSensory functionMultivariate analysisMethylprednisolonePharmacological treatment of acute spinal cord injury: current status and future prospects
Bracken M. Pharmacological treatment of acute spinal cord injury: current status and future prospects. Spinal Cord 1992, 30: 102-107. PMID: 1589282, DOI: 10.1038/sc.1992.34.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchA model for estimating level and net severity of spinal cord injuries
Holford T, Bracken M. A model for estimating level and net severity of spinal cord injuries. Statistics In Medicine 1992, 11: 1171-1186. PMID: 1509218, DOI: 10.1002/sim.4780110904.Peer-Reviewed Case Reports and Technical NotesConceptsSpinal cord injuryCord injuryNational Acute Spinal Cord Injury StudyAcute Spinal Cord Injury StudyAcute spinal cord injurySpinal Cord Injury StudyDetailed neurological assessmentNeurologic functionNeurological assessmentMotor assessmentInjury studiesOverall severityInjurySeverityScoresLevelsEpidemiologyMethylprednisolone or naloxone treatment after acute spinal cord injury: 1-year follow-up data. Results of the second National Acute Spinal Cord Injury Study.
Bracken M, Shepard M, Collins W, Holford T, Baskin D, Eisenberg H, Flamm E, Leo-Summers L, Maroon J, Marshall L, Perot P, Piepmeier J, Sonntag V, Wagner F, Wilberger J, Winn H, Young W. Methylprednisolone or naloxone treatment after acute spinal cord injury: 1-year follow-up data. Results of the second National Acute Spinal Cord Injury Study. Journal Of Neurosurgery 1992, 76: 23-31. PMID: 1727165, DOI: 10.3171/jns.1992.76.1.0023.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHours of injuryAcute spinal cord injurySpinal cord injuryNaloxone treatmentCord injuryMotor functionSecond National Acute Spinal Cord Injury StudyNational Acute Spinal Cord Injury StudyAcute Spinal Cord Injury StudySpinal Cord Injury StudyAcute spinal cord traumaPreservation of motorTrial of methylprednisoloneSpinal cord traumaTotal sensoryPlacebo groupCord traumaNeurological functionStudy doseEmergency roomMethylprednisoloneInjury studiesMortality ratePatientsSensory function
1985
Methylprednisolone and neurological function 1 year after spinal cord injury. Results of the National Acute Spinal Cord Injury Study.
Bracken M, Shepard M, Hellenbrand K, Collins W, Leo L, Freeman D, Wagner F, Flamm E, Eisenberg H, Goodman J, Perot P, Green B, Grossman R, Meagher J, Young W, Fischer B, Clifton G, Hunt W, Rifkinson N. Methylprednisolone and neurological function 1 year after spinal cord injury. Results of the National Acute Spinal Cord Injury Study. Journal Of Neurosurgery 1985, 63: 704-13. PMID: 3903070, DOI: 10.3171/jns.1985.63.5.0704.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTotal steroid doseNational Acute Spinal Cord Injury StudyAcute Spinal Cord Injury StudySpinal Cord Injury StudyHigh-dose methylprednisoloneSteroid treatment protocolFunction 1 yearCase fatality rateSpinal cord injuryPinprick responseSteroid doseNeurological recoveryCord injuryStandard dosePatient genderClinical trialsMotor functionTreatment protocolStudy groupInjury studiesTreatment groupsFatality rateInjuryMethylprednisoloneTreatment effects