Featured Publications
Meta-Analysis: Treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children With Comorbid Tic Disorders
Bloch MH, Panza KE, Landeros-Weisenberger A, Leckman JF. Meta-Analysis: Treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children With Comorbid Tic Disorders. Journal Of The American Academy Of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 2009, 48: 884-893. PMID: 19625978, PMCID: PMC3943246, DOI: 10.1097/chi.0b013e3181b26e9f.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdrenergic alpha-AgonistsAtomoxetine HydrochlorideAttention Deficit Disorder with HyperactivityChildComorbidityContraindicationsDose-Response Relationship, DrugDouble-Blind MethodHumansMethylphenidatePropylaminesPsychotropic DrugsRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicTic DisordersTourette SyndromeConceptsAlpha-2 agonistsAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorderTic symptomsComorbid ticsSupratherapeutic dosesTic disordersADHD symptomsTreatment of ADHDHyperactivity disorderPlacebo-controlled trialEfficacy of medicationsStandardized mean differenceEvidence-based treatmentsHalf of childrenComorbid tic disordersPrimary outcomeDifferent medicationsPsychostimulant medicationPubMed searchTic severityTourette syndromePackage insertsDrug AdministrationAtomoxetineSymptoms
2022
Meta‐Analysis: Efficacy and Tolerability of Vesicular Monoamine Transporter Type 2 Inhibitors in the Treatment of Tic Disorders
Behling E, Farhat LC, Landeros‐Weisenberger A, Bloch MH. Meta‐Analysis: Efficacy and Tolerability of Vesicular Monoamine Transporter Type 2 Inhibitors in the Treatment of Tic Disorders. Movement Disorders 2022, 37: 684-693. PMID: 35191552, DOI: 10.1002/mds.28957.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsChronic tic disorderTourette syndromeVMAT2 inhibitorsTic disordersVesicular monoamine transporter type 2 inhibitorsYale Global Tic Severity ScaleMean differenceRate of discontinuationTic Severity ScaleType 2 inhibitorsShort-term treatmentTic symptomsBlinded RCTEffective therapySeverity ScaleSystematic reviewTolerabilityAvailable evidenceAdverse effectsInverse varianceEfficacyRCTsInhibitorsNonsignificant effectTrials
2021
A Phase-2 Pilot Study of a Therapeutic Combination of Δ9-Tetrahydracannabinol and Palmitoylethanolamide for Adults With Tourette’s Syndrome
Bloch MH, Landeros-Weisenberger A, Johnson JA, Leckman JF. A Phase-2 Pilot Study of a Therapeutic Combination of Δ9-Tetrahydracannabinol and Palmitoylethanolamide for Adults With Tourette’s Syndrome. Journal Of Neuropsychiatry 2021, 33: 328-336. PMID: 34340527, DOI: 10.1176/appi.neuropsych.19080178.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTourette syndromeTic symptomsUncontrolled trialsYale Global Tic Severity Scale-Total Tic ScoreDouble-blind placebo-controlled trialAvailable evidence-based treatmentsPhase 2 pilot studyExtension phasePlacebo-controlled trialRefractory Tourette syndromeTotal tic scoreEffective pharmacological treatmentCannabis-derived compoundsEvidence-based treatmentsTHC dosingSecondary outcomesPrimary outcomeComorbid conditionsPharmacological treatmentTic scoreYGTSS scoresTherapeutic combinationsSide effectsTrial designSyndrome
2019
Randomized, Sham-Controlled Trial of Real-Time Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Neurofeedback for Tics in Adolescents With Tourette Syndrome
Sukhodolsky DG, Walsh C, Koller WN, Eilbott J, Rance M, Fulbright RK, Zhao Z, Bloch MH, King R, Leckman JF, Scheinost D, Pittman B, Hampson M. Randomized, Sham-Controlled Trial of Real-Time Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Neurofeedback for Tics in Adolescents With Tourette Syndrome. Biological Psychiatry 2019, 87: 1063-1070. PMID: 31668476, PMCID: PMC7015800, DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.07.035.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSupplementary motor areaYale Global Tic Severity ScaleFunctional magnetic resonanceTic Severity ScaleReal-time functional magnetic resonanceTourette syndromeSeverity ScaleYale Global Tic Severity Scale-Total Tic ScoreTotal tic scorePrimary outcome measureSham control conditionReduction of ticsMagnetic resonanceSecondary outcomesSessions of neurofeedbackCrossover studyTic symptomsTic scoreOutcome measuresMotor areaSecondary measuresTic severityReal neurofeedbackEnd pointNeurofeedback interventionMeta-analysis: Adulthood prevalence of Tourette syndrome
Levine JLS, Szejko N, Bloch MH. Meta-analysis: Adulthood prevalence of Tourette syndrome. Progress In Neuro-Psychopharmacology And Biological Psychiatry 2019, 95: 109675. PMID: 31220521, DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.109675.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPrevalence of TSTourette syndromeRisk ratioCases of TSPrevalence estimatesLogit event rateAccurate prevalence estimatesTS prevalenceRemission criteriaTic symptomsFemale ratioPublic health decisionsOverall prevalencePsychiatric conditionsPublication biasCase identificationEvent ratesPrevalenceHealth decisionsLongitudinal studyAdultsSignificant differencesSyndromeTS casesTwo-thirds
2015
Meta-Analysis: Risk of Tics Associated With Psychostimulant Use in Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trials
Cohen SC, Mulqueen JM, Ferracioli-Oda E, Stuckelman ZD, Coughlin CG, Leckman JF, Bloch MH. Meta-Analysis: Risk of Tics Associated With Psychostimulant Use in Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trials. Journal Of The American Academy Of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 2015, 54: 728-736. PMID: 26299294, DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2015.06.011.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsWorsening of ticsRisk of ticsAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorderPlacebo-controlled trialNew onsetDuration of treatmentPsychostimulant usePsychostimulant medicationNew-onset ticsType of psychostimulantsParallel-group trialStratified subgroup analysisSide effect dataTreatment of childrenAge of participantsPlacebo groupAdverse eventsCrossover studyPsychostimulant treatmentTic symptomsRisk ratioSubgroup analysisFamily historyGroup trialsPubMed search
2014
Clinical features of Tourette syndrome and tic disorders
Leckman JF, King RA, Bloch MH. Clinical features of Tourette syndrome and tic disorders. Journal Of Obsessive-Compulsive And Related Disorders 2014, 3: 372-379. PMID: 30197854, PMCID: PMC6124690, DOI: 10.1016/j.jocrd.2014.03.004.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchTourette syndromeTic disordersLong-term clinical courseLong-term outcomesAge 10 yearsAttention deficit hyperactivity disorderCo-occurring conditionsClinical courseClinical featuresObsessive-compulsive disorderTic symptomsVisual-motor integrationVocal ticsPsychosocial stressMost childrenCourse of monthsLiterature searchRelevant articlesMotor integrationStereotyped movementsHyperactivity disorderEarly adulthoodDisordersNeurodevelopmental disordersSensory stimuli
2013
Brain mechanisms for prepulse inhibition in adults with Tourette syndrome: Initial findings
Zebardast N, Crowley MJ, Bloch MH, Mayes LC, Vander Wyk BV, Leckman JF, Pelphrey KA, Swain JE. Brain mechanisms for prepulse inhibition in adults with Tourette syndrome: Initial findings. Psychiatry Research 2013, 214: 33-41. PMID: 23916249, PMCID: PMC3932431, DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2013.05.009.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTourette syndromeFunctional magnetic resonance imagingHealthy subjectsTic severityWhole-brain functional magnetic resonance imagingYale Global Tic Severity ScaleTactile startle responseCase-control study designTic Severity ScaleCortical-striatal circuitsBrain activityMagnetic resonance imagingMultiple brain regionsLeft middle frontal gyrusMiddle frontal gyrusDegree of PPIPulse-alone stimuliBlock-design fMRI paradigmTic symptomsNeuropathological dataHealthy controlsPrepulse inhibitionDevelopmental neuropsychiatric disordersSensorimotor gatingLeft caudate
2012
Clinical assessment of Tourette syndrome and tic disorders
Cohen SC, Leckman JF, Bloch MH. Clinical assessment of Tourette syndrome and tic disorders. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 2012, 37: 997-1007. PMID: 23206664, PMCID: PMC3674220, DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.11.013.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTourette syndromeAttention deficit hyperactivity disorderObsessive-compulsive disorderTreatment of TSImpaired sensorimotor gatingPercent of childrenImpulse control disordersDeficit hyperactivity disorderSomatic hypersensitivityTic symptomsPhonic ticsPurposeless movementsTic disordersClinical assessmentSensorimotor gatingControl disordersProper diagnosisMuscle groupsPremonitory urgesNeuropsychiatric disordersHyperactivity disorderDisordersAppropriate evaluationSyndromeSensory phenomena
2009
Clinical course of Tourette syndrome
Bloch MH, Leckman JF. Clinical course of Tourette syndrome. Journal Of Psychosomatic Research 2009, 67: 497-501. PMID: 19913654, PMCID: PMC3974606, DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2009.09.002.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTourette syndromeComorbid conditionsObsessive-compulsive disorderClinical courseLong-term clinical courseChildhood-onset neuropsychiatric disorderEarly adulthoodLong-term outcomesAttention deficit disorderTic symptomsDepressive disorderTic disordersVocal ticsGeneral populationNeuropsychiatric disordersLiterature searchRelevant articlesDisordersSyndromeChildrenAdulthood outcomesOne-thirdSymptomsTraditional literature searchThree-quartersPredictors of Early Adult Outcomes in Pediatric-Onset Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Bloch MH, Craiglow BG, Landeros-Weisenberger A, Dombrowski PA, Panza KE, Peterson BS, Leckman JF. Predictors of Early Adult Outcomes in Pediatric-Onset Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Pediatrics 2009, 124: 1085-1093. PMID: 19786445, PMCID: PMC3974608, DOI: 10.1542/peds.2009-0015.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdolescentAdultAge DistributionAge of OnsetChildChild, PreschoolCohort StudiesDisease ProgressionFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansIncidenceLongitudinal StudiesMaleMonitoring, PhysiologicMultivariate AnalysisObsessive-Compulsive DisorderPredictive Value of TestsProportional Hazards ModelsRisk FactorsSeverity of Illness IndexSex DistributionTic DisordersTime FactorsTourette SyndromeYoung AdultConceptsObsessive-compulsive disorderOCD symptomsBaseline clinical characteristicsPediatric-onset obsessive-compulsive disorderPersistent obsessive-compulsive disorderEarly adult outcomesLong-term outcomesMain outcome measuresLongitudinal cohort studyPercent of subjectsComorbid tic disordersOC symptomsHoarding symptomsAdult outcomesExperience remissionClinical characteristicsClinical predictorsCohort studyOppositional defiant disorderTic symptomsComorbid ticsEligible childrenTic disordersFemale genderOutcome measures
2006
Fine‐motor skill deficits in childhood predict adulthood tic severity and global psychosocial functioning in Tourette's syndrome
Bloch MH, Sukhodolsky DG, Leckman JF, Schultz RT. Fine‐motor skill deficits in childhood predict adulthood tic severity and global psychosocial functioning in Tourette's syndrome. Journal Of Child Psychology And Psychiatry 2006, 47: 551-559. PMID: 16712631, DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.01561.x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdolescentAdultBasal GangliaChildFemaleFunctional LateralityHand StrengthHumansMaleMotor Skills DisordersNeuropsychological TestsObsessive-Compulsive DisorderPredictive Value of TestsPsychologyPsychomotor PerformanceSeverity of Illness IndexSocial BehaviorSurveys and QuestionnairesTourette SyndromeConceptsGlobal psychosocial functioningPurdue Pegboard TestFine motor skill deficitsTourette syndromeTic severityPegboard TestPsychosocial functioningTic symptomsTS patientsNeuropsychological testsStudy of TSBasal ganglia dysfunctionVisual-Motor Integration TestBeery Visual-Motor Integration TestLogistic regression analysisOrdinal logistic regression analysisFine motor coordinationMotor skill deficitsNeuropsychological testing batteryGanglia dysfunctionVisual-motor integrationClinical evaluationClinical assessmentClinical measuresNeuropsychological testingAdulthood Outcome of Tic and Obsessive-Compulsive Symptom Severity in Children With Tourette Syndrome
Bloch MH, Peterson BS, Scahill L, Otka J, Katsovich L, Zhang H, Leckman JF. Adulthood Outcome of Tic and Obsessive-Compulsive Symptom Severity in Children With Tourette Syndrome. JAMA Pediatrics 2006, 160: 65-69. PMID: 16389213, PMCID: PMC2291298, DOI: 10.1001/archpedi.160.1.65.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdolescentAdrenergic alpha-AgonistsAdultAntipsychotic AgentsAttention Deficit Disorder with HyperactivityBipolar DisorderChildDepressive DisorderFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansIntelligence TestsMaleObsessive-Compulsive DisorderProspective StudiesSchizophreniaSelective Serotonin Reuptake InhibitorsSeverity of Illness IndexTic DisordersTourette SyndromeConceptsTic symptomsTourette syndromeTic severitySymptom severityObsessive-compulsive disorderBaseline clinical measurementsChildhood-onset neuropsychiatric disorderOCD symptomsPercent of patientsProspective cohort studyPercent of subjectsOutpatient specialty clinicsThird of childrenThird of adultsAge 14 yearsStructured clinical evaluationCohort studyClinical courseComplete resolutionClinical evaluationPhonic ticsSpecialty clinicFollow-up interviewObsessive-compulsive symptom severityAverage age
2005
Caudate volumes in childhood predict symptom severity in adults with Tourette syndrome
Bloch MH, Leckman JF, Zhu H, Peterson BS. Caudate volumes in childhood predict symptom severity in adults with Tourette syndrome. Neurology 2005, 65: 1253-1258. PMID: 16247053, PMCID: PMC2367161, DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000180957.98702.69.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSeverity of ticsBasal ganglia volumesCaudate nucleus volumeTourette syndromeObsessive-compulsive symptomsGanglia volumesEarly adulthoodObsessive-compulsive disorderTic symptomsCaudate nucleusCaudate volumeCross-sectional imaging studiesThalamo-cortical circuitsNucleus volumeSeverity of symptomsAge 16 yearsProspective longitudinal studyAge 14 yearsClinical statusClinical assessmentClinical measuresMorphologic disturbancesMRI scansSymptomsImaging studies