2020
Histologic grading of breast carcinoma: a multi-institution study of interobserver variation using virtual microscopy
Ginter PS, Idress R, D’Alfonso T, Fineberg S, Jaffer S, Sattar AK, Chagpar A, Wilson P, Harigopal M. Histologic grading of breast carcinoma: a multi-institution study of interobserver variation using virtual microscopy. Modern Pathology 2020, 34: 701-709. PMID: 33077923, PMCID: PMC7987728, DOI: 10.1038/s41379-020-00698-2.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchDiscordant anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein and RNA staining in cutaneous perniotic lesions suggests endothelial deposition of cleaved spike protein
Ko CJ, Harigopal M, Gehlhausen JR, Bosenberg M, McNiff JM, Damsky W. Discordant anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein and RNA staining in cutaneous perniotic lesions suggests endothelial deposition of cleaved spike protein. Journal Of Cutaneous Pathology 2020, 48: 47-52. PMID: 32895985, DOI: 10.1111/cup.13866.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSARS-CoV-2 spike proteinCOVID toesEccrine epitheliumEndothelial cellsSkin biopsiesSpike proteinReverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction testingSARS-CoV-2 antibodiesPolymerase chain reaction testingSARS-CoV-2 RNAPotential pathogenetic mechanismsPositive immunohistochemical labelingSARS-CoV-2Endothelial depositionPathogenetic mechanismsImmunohistochemical stainingReaction testingImmunohistochemical labelingEccrine glandsRNA ISHImmunohistochemistrySpike RNAGold standardTissue sectionsBiopsyEpithelium Involving Bilateral Axillary Lymph Nodes: Metastasis, Misplaced, or Mullerian!
Singh K, Sardana R, Quddus MR, Harigopal M. Epithelium Involving Bilateral Axillary Lymph Nodes: Metastasis, Misplaced, or Mullerian! International Journal Of Surgical Pathology 2020, 29: 284-288. PMID: 32924678, DOI: 10.1177/1066896920958121.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSentinel lymph nodesBilateral axillary lymph nodesAxillary sentinel lymph nodesAxillary lymph nodesFrozen section examinationLymph nodesDifferential diagnosisEpithelial depositsSection examinationBreast cancer stagingNodal depositsCancer stagingHistological evaluationEpithelial restsEndosalpingiosisFirst caseDiagnosisEpitheliumExaminationMetastasisStagingMullerianPerniosis during the COVID‐19 pandemic: Negative anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 immunohistochemistry in six patients and comparison to perniosis before the emergence of SARS‐CoV‐2
Ko CJ, Harigopal M, Damsky W, Gehlhausen JR, Bosenberg M, Patrignelli R, McNiff JM. Perniosis during the COVID‐19 pandemic: Negative anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 immunohistochemistry in six patients and comparison to perniosis before the emergence of SARS‐CoV‐2. Journal Of Cutaneous Pathology 2020, 47: 997-1002. PMID: 32745281, PMCID: PMC7436569, DOI: 10.1111/cup.13830.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid proteinPerivascular lymphocytesImmunohistochemical stainingCOVID-19 pandemicSARS-CoV-2 immunohistochemistryNucleocapsid proteinSARS-CoV-2Inflammatory lesionsHistopathologic findingsIntravascular occlusionMicroscopic findingsPerniosisIntravascular materialLymphocytesLesionsPatientsStainingPandemicSuch casesCuffingHistopathologyCasesImmunohistochemistryFindingsProteinHigh frequency of p16 and SOX10 coexpression but not androgen receptor expression in triple-negative breast cancers
Yoon EC, Wilson P, Zuo T, Pinto M, Cole K, Harigopal M. High frequency of p16 and SOX10 coexpression but not androgen receptor expression in triple-negative breast cancers. Human Pathology 2020, 102: 13-22. PMID: 32565323, DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2020.06.004.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTriple-negative breast cancerNon-TNBC casesFrequency of p16TNBC casesAndrogen receptorBreast cancerTissue microarrayAggressive clinical courseAndrogen receptor expressionInvasive ductal carcinomaHistologic grade 3Basal-like breast cancer subtypeNovel prognostic markerBreast cancer subtypesExpression of p16Clinical courseCytokeratin 5/6Ductal carcinomaPrognostic markerReceptor expressionRoutine biomarkersSignificant statistical differenceClinical dataGrade 3Cancer subtypes
2018
Immunological differences between primary and metastatic breast cancer
Szekely B, Bossuyt V, Li X, Wali VB, Patwardhan GA, Frederick C, Silber A, Park T, Harigopal M, Pelekanou V, Zhang M, Yan Q, Rimm DL, Bianchini G, Hatzis C, Pusztai L. Immunological differences between primary and metastatic breast cancer. Annals Of Oncology 2018, 29: 2232-2239. PMID: 30203045, DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy399.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdolescentAdultAgedAntineoplastic Agents, ImmunologicalB7-H1 AntigenBiomarkers, TumorBiopsyBreast NeoplasmsDisease ProgressionDrug Resistance, NeoplasmFemaleGene Expression RegulationHumansImmunologic SurveillanceLymphocyte CountLymphocytes, Tumor-InfiltratingMiddle AgedMutation RateTumor EscapeTumor MicroenvironmentYoung AdultConceptsMetastatic breast cancerBreast cancerTherapeutic targetToll-like receptor pathway genesImmuno-oncology therapeutic targetsBreast cancer evolvesImmune proteasome expressionPD-L1 positivityCorresponding primary tumorsPotential therapeutic targetMHC class IImmune-related genesMetastatic cancer samplesLigand/receptor pairLymphocyte countT helperT-regsPD-L1Immune microenvironmentCytotoxic TPrimary tumorMastoid cellsDisease progressionTherapeutic combinationsMacrophage markersBreast cancer histopathology is predictive of low‐risk Oncotype Dx recurrence score
Wilson PC, Chagpar AB, Cicek AF, Bossuyt V, Buza N, Mougalian S, Killelea BK, Patel N, Harigopal M. Breast cancer histopathology is predictive of low‐risk Oncotype Dx recurrence score. The Breast Journal 2018, 24: 976-980. PMID: 30230117, DOI: 10.1111/tbj.13117.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsLymph node-negative patientsNode-negative patientsOncotype DX testingInvasive carcinomaLow-grade invasive carcinomasHistologic subtypeOncotype DXRecurrence scoreEstrogen receptorHigh riskAJCC Breast Cancer Staging SystemBreast cancer staging systemOncotype DX recurrence scoreFavorable histologic subtypeOncotype recurrence scoreSimple multivariable modelsCancer (AJCC) staging systemRisk of recurrenceDX recurrence scoreOnly significant predictorExcellent prognosisIntermediate riskDuctal carcinomaHistologic gradeHistologic predictorsAndrogen receptor expression is a favorable prognostic factor in triple-negative breast cancers
Zuo T, Wilson P, Cicek AF, Harigopal M. Androgen receptor expression is a favorable prognostic factor in triple-negative breast cancers. Human Pathology 2018, 80: 239-245. PMID: 29902579, DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2018.06.003.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTriple-negative breast cancerDisease-free survivalBasal-like triple-negative breast cancerFavorable prognostic factorAndrogen receptor expressionAR expressionOverall survivalBreast cancerAR positivityPrognostic factorsTumor sizeHistologic gradeReceptor expressionTissue microarrayAR-positive triple-negative breast cancerSubgroups of TNBCAR-negative TNBCLack estrogen receptorBetter overall survivalDose-dependent effectNodal statusWorse prognosisPathologic stagePatient groupProgesterone receptorStrong androgen receptor expression can aid in distinguishing GATA3+ metastases
Boto A, Harigopal M. Strong androgen receptor expression can aid in distinguishing GATA3+ metastases. Human Pathology 2018, 75: 63-70. PMID: 29408697, DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2018.01.024.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsGATA3-positive tumorsAndrogen receptor expressionBreast originMetastatic settingUrothelial originAR expressionAR stainingAndrogen receptorReceptor expressionBreast cancerUnknown originBreast cancer tissue microarrayMarker of breastStrong AR expressionCancer tissue microarrayMammaglobin expressionUrothelial carcinomaLobular carcinomaProgesterone receptorEstrogen receptorTissue microarrayMammary originCarcinomaGATA3 expressionGATA3
2017
Impacts of Early Guideline-Directed 21-Gene Recurrence Score Testing on Adjuvant Therapy Decision Making
Dzimitrowicz H, Mougalian S, Storms S, Hurd S, Chagpar AB, Killelea BK, Horowitz NR, Lannin DR, Harigopal M, Hofstatter E, DiGiovanna MP, Adelson KB, Silber A, Abu-Khalaf M, Chung G, Zaheer W, Abdelghany O, Hatzis C, Pusztai L, Sanft TB. Impacts of Early Guideline-Directed 21-Gene Recurrence Score Testing on Adjuvant Therapy Decision Making. JCO Oncology Practice 2017, 13: jop.2017.022731. PMID: 29048991, DOI: 10.1200/jop.2017.022731.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAdjuvant therapy decisionsRecurrence scoreChemotherapy useRS testingMedical oncologistsHistorical controlsChemotherapy decisionsTherapy decisionsEligibility criteriaNational Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelinesProspective quality improvement projectEarly-stage breast cancerAdjuvant chemotherapy recommendationsTime of diagnosisTime of surgeryQuality improvement projectTesting groupChemotherapy initiationChemotherapy recommendationsMedian timeTrial enrollmentNetwork guidelinesSurgical oncologistsClinical trialsBreast cancerCan Tumor Biology Predict Occult Multifocal Disease in Breast Cancer Patients?
Chagpar AB, Cicek AF, Harigopal M. Can Tumor Biology Predict Occult Multifocal Disease in Breast Cancer Patients? The American Surgeon 2017, 83: 704-708. PMID: 28738939, DOI: 10.1177/000313481708300725.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsBreast cancer patientsNegative marginsCancer patientsPrimary tumor markersInvasive tumor sizePrimary tumor tissuesMedian invasive tumor sizeInitial surgeryOccult cancerOccult diseaseProspective trialInitial resectionMultifocal diseasePartial mastectomyDuctal carcinomaTumor sizeCavity shavesStage 0Independent pathologistsTumor markersTissue microarrayFurther diseasePatientsTumor tissueDiseaseEconomic Impact of Routine Cavity Margins Versus Standard Partial Mastectomy in Breast Cancer Patients
Chagpar AB, Horowitz NR, Killelea BK, Tsangaris T, Longley P, Grizzle S, Loftus M, Li F, Butler M, Stavris K, Yao X, Harigopal M, Bossuyt V, Lannin DR, Pusztai L, Davidoff AJ, Gross CP. Economic Impact of Routine Cavity Margins Versus Standard Partial Mastectomy in Breast Cancer Patients. Annals Of Surgery 2017, 265: 39-44. PMID: 27192352, PMCID: PMC5605915, DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000001799.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultAgedAged, 80 and overBreast NeoplasmsCarcinoma, Ductal, BreastCarcinoma, Intraductal, NoninfiltratingCarcinoma, LobularConnecticutFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHealth ExpendituresHospital CostsHumansMargins of ExcisionMastectomy, SegmentalMiddle AgedProspective StudiesReoperationSingle-Blind MethodTreatment OutcomeConceptsCavity shave marginsStandard partial mastectomyPartial mastectomyRe-excision ratesIndex surgeryInitial surgeryBreast cancerHospital perspectiveLower re-excision ratesDirect hospital costsBreast cancer patientsOperating room timeReoperative surgeryBaseline characteristicsOperative timePositive marginsShave marginsCancer patientsHospital costsStage 0Room timeSurgeryPathology costsPatientsMastectomy
2016
Metastatic thyroid carcinoma presenting as malignant pleural effusion: A cytologic review of 5 cases
Vyas M, Harigopal M. Metastatic thyroid carcinoma presenting as malignant pleural effusion: A cytologic review of 5 cases. Diagnostic Cytopathology 2016, 44: 1085-1089. PMID: 27456348, DOI: 10.1002/dc.23547.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMetastatic thyroid carcinomaThyroid transcription factor-1Pleural fluidThyroid carcinomaMalignant pleural effusionPleural effusionTranscription factor 1Thyroid originImmunohistochemical stainsLung adenocarcinomaCarcinomaRight diagnosisUseful markerClinical contextDiagnosisFactor 1ThyroglobulinMarkersAdenocarcinomaEffusionMalignancy
2015
A Randomized, Controlled Trial of Cavity Shave Margins in Breast Cancer
Chagpar AB, Killelea BK, Tsangaris TN, Butler M, Stavris K, Li F, Yao X, Bossuyt V, Harigopal M, Lannin DR, Pusztai L, Horowitz NR. A Randomized, Controlled Trial of Cavity Shave Margins in Breast Cancer. New England Journal Of Medicine 2015, 373: 503-510. PMID: 26028131, PMCID: PMC5584380, DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1504473.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCavity shave marginsPositive marginsPartial mastectomyShave marginsDuctal carcinomaBreast cancerInvasive cancerOutcome measuresStandard partial mastectomySecondary outcome measuresPrimary outcome measureLower ratesRoutine resectionMedian ageClinicopathological characteristicsCavity shavingMargin clearanceSecond surgeryInvasive carcinomaStage 0MastectomyPathological testingPatientsFurther diseaseVolume of tissue
2014
Methylation of Twelve CpGs in Human Papillomavirus Type 16 (HPV16) as an Informative Biomarker for the Triage of Women Positive for HPV16 Infection
Brandsma JL, Harigopal M, Kiviat NB, Sun Y, Deng Y, Zelterman D, Lizardi PM, Shabanova VS, Levi A, Yaping T, Hu X, Feng Q. Methylation of Twelve CpGs in Human Papillomavirus Type 16 (HPV16) as an Informative Biomarker for the Triage of Women Positive for HPV16 Infection. Cancer Prevention Research 2014, 7: 526-533. PMID: 24556390, DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-13-0354.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCervical intraepithelial neoplasiaCytology samplesCutoff scoreColposcopy of womenCervical cancer preventionManagement of womenDetection of CIN3Cervical cytology samplesHuman papillomavirus type 16Human papillomavirus type 16 DNAMethylation biomarkersPapillomavirus type 16Histologic severityIntraepithelial neoplasiaCervical cancerHPV16 infectionCancer preventionDNA bisulfite sequencingType 16Prognostic potentialAccurate biomarkersProspective biomarkersScreening testInformative biomarkersBiomarkers
2011
Comparison of Affirm VPIII and Papanicolaou Tests in the Detection of Infectious Vaginitis
Levi AW, Harigopal M, Hui P, Schofield K, Chhieng DC. Comparison of Affirm VPIII and Papanicolaou Tests in the Detection of Infectious Vaginitis. American Journal Of Clinical Pathology 2011, 135: 442-447. PMID: 21350100, DOI: 10.1309/ajcp7tbn5vzuglzu.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAffirm VPIIIPap testPapanicolaou testRoutine Pap testRoutine Papanicolaou testCandida speciesSensitive diagnostic testInfectious vaginitisLarge academic institutionPatient populationTrichomonas infectionBacterial vaginosisCandida vaginitisG vaginalisT vaginalisStudy populationHigh incidenceDiagnostic testsMolecular testsPatientsVaginitisVaginalisMorphologic identificationVaginosisCandidiasis
2007
Quantitative Justification of the Change From 10% to 30% for Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 Scoring in the American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists Guidelines: Tumor Heterogeneity in Breast Cancer and Its Implications for Tissue Microarray–Based Assessment of Outcome
Moeder CB, Giltnane JM, Harigopal M, Molinaro A, Robinson A, Gelmon K, Huntsman D, Camp RL, Rimm DL. Quantitative Justification of the Change From 10% to 30% for Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 Scoring in the American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists Guidelines: Tumor Heterogeneity in Breast Cancer and Its Implications for Tissue Microarray–Based Assessment of Outcome. Journal Of Clinical Oncology 2007, 25: 5418-5425. PMID: 18048824, DOI: 10.1200/jco.2007.12.8033.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchVariation in breast cancer hormone receptor and HER2 levels by etiologic factors: A population‐based analysis
Sherman ME, Rimm DL, Yang XR, Chatterjee N, Brinton LA, Lissowska J, Peplonska B, Szeszenia‐Dąbrowska N, Zatonski W, Cartun R, Mandich D, Rymkiewicz G, Ligaj M, Lukaszek S, Kordek R, Kalaylioglu Z, Harigopal M, Charrette L, Falk RT, Richesson D, Anderson WF, Hewitt SM, García‐Closas M. Variation in breast cancer hormone receptor and HER2 levels by etiologic factors: A population‐based analysis. International Journal Of Cancer 2007, 121: 1079-1085. PMID: 17487843, DOI: 10.1002/ijc.22812.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsBody mass indexPostmenopausal womenEtiologic factorsHER2 levelsPremenopausal womenOdds ratioER alphaBreast cancer hormone receptor statusPopulation-based case-control studyBreast Cancer Hormone ReceptorsHormone receptor statusCase-control studyPopulation-based analysisPathologic characteristicsPR statusReceptor statusMass indexER betaClinical recordsMarker levelsHER2 expressionLarge tumorsBreast cancerReceptor levelsTumor features
2006
Vascular endothelial growth factor, FLT‐1, and FLK‐1 analysis in a pancreatic cancer tissue microarray
Chung GG, Yoon HH, Zerkowski MP, Ghosh S, Thomas L, Harigopal M, Charette LA, Salem RR, Camp RL, Rimm DL, Burtness BA. Vascular endothelial growth factor, FLT‐1, and FLK‐1 analysis in a pancreatic cancer tissue microarray. Cancer 2006, 106: 1677-1684. PMID: 16532435, DOI: 10.1002/cncr.21783.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPancreatic cancer tissue microarrayCancer tissue microarrayTissue microarrayVEGF receptor 1Flt-1Receptor 1Kaplan-Meier survival curvesVascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expressionIndependent prognostic factorVascular endothelial growth factorFlk-1Growth factor expressionEndothelial growth factorPrimary antibodyFlt-1 expressionOverall survivalPrognostic factorsWorse survivalAggressive diseaseDisease stagePoor prognosisTumor expressionPancreatic cancerPancreatic adenocarcinomaPrincipal receptorMolecular Classification Identifies a Subset of Human Papillomavirus–Associated Oropharyngeal Cancers With Favorable Prognosis
Weinberger PM, Yu Z, Haffty BG, Kowalski D, Harigopal M, Brandsma J, Sasaki C, Joe J, Camp RL, Rimm DL, Psyrri A. Molecular Classification Identifies a Subset of Human Papillomavirus–Associated Oropharyngeal Cancers With Favorable Prognosis. Journal Of Clinical Oncology 2006, 24: 736-747. PMID: 16401683, DOI: 10.1200/jco.2004.00.3335.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsOropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomaHuman papillomavirusFavorable prognosisClass IIILocal recurrencePrognostic valueHuman Papillomavirus–Associated Oropharyngeal CancerHPV DNA presenceHPV16 viral loadDisease-free survivalMultivariable survival analysisSquamous cell carcinomaLong-term patientsThree-class modelReal-time polymerase chain reactionHPV statusLow p53Only patientsOverall survivalOropharyngeal cancerViral loadCell carcinomaPolymerase chain reactionClinical trialsP16 overexpression