Effect of &bgr;-Blockers on Cardiac and Pulmonary Events and Death in Older Adults With Cardiovascular Disease and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Lee DS, Markwardt S, McAvay GJ, Gross CP, Goeres LM, Han L, Peduzzi P, Lin H, Dodson JA, Tinetti ME. Effect of &bgr;-Blockers on Cardiac and Pulmonary Events and Death in Older Adults With Cardiovascular Disease and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Medical Care 2014, 52: s45-s51. PMID: 24561758, PMCID: PMC4050644, DOI: 10.1097/mlr.0000000000000035.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsChronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseΒ-blocker useMajor cardiac eventsObstructive pulmonary diseasePulmonary eventsCardiovascular diseaseCardiac eventsOlder adultsPulmonary diseaseΒ-blockersCOPD/asthmaMajor pulmonary eventsCox proportional hazardsPulmonary outcomesCause mortalityHazard ratioStudy criteriaMedicare beneficiariesProportional hazardsSurvey cohortDiseaseAdultsMedicationsOutcomesDeath