Transforming growth factor-β promotes basement membrane fibrosis, alters perivascular cerebrospinal fluid distribution, and worsens neurological recovery in the aged brain after stroke
Howe MD, Furr JW, Munshi Y, Roy-O’Reilly M, Maniskas ME, Koellhoffer EC, d’Aigle J, Sansing LH, McCullough LD, Urayama A. Transforming growth factor-β promotes basement membrane fibrosis, alters perivascular cerebrospinal fluid distribution, and worsens neurological recovery in the aged brain after stroke. GeroScience 2019, 41: 543-559. PMID: 31721012, PMCID: PMC6885082, DOI: 10.1007/s11357-019-00118-7.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPoor functional recoveryFunctional recoveryExperimental strokeAstrocyte activationStroke patientsAged brainCultured astrocytesSerum TGF-β levelsTGF-β receptor inhibitionPotential new treatment strategyGlial scar developmentElderly stroke patientsTGF-β levelsPoor functional outcomeOxygen-glucose deprivationCerebrospinal fluid distributionNew treatment strategiesPrimary cultured astrocytesExogenous TGF-β stimulationBasement membraneTGF-β stimulationNeurological recoveryElderly patientsSerum levelsFunctional outcome