Prenatal stress and the programming of the HPA axis
Glover V, O’Connor T, O’Donnell K. Prenatal stress and the programming of the HPA axis. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 2009, 35: 17-22. PMID: 19914282, DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2009.11.008.Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus StatementsConceptsHPA axisPrenatal stressLong-term effectsIndependent prospective studiesHPA axis responseBasal cortisol levelsProspective studyAxis responseAnimal studiesCognitive alterationsCortisol responseCortisol levelsCognitive outcomesOutcomesRecent studiesGenetic strainsChildrenLittle evidenceOffspringGestationStudy