1996
Hepatitis in Used Syringes: The Limits of Sensitivity of Techniques to Detect Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) DNA, Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) RNA, and Antibodies to HBV Core and HCV Antigens
Heimer R, Khoshnood K, Jariwala-Freeman B, Duncan B, Harima Y. Hepatitis in Used Syringes: The Limits of Sensitivity of Techniques to Detect Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) DNA, Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) RNA, and Antibodies to HBV Core and HCV Antigens. The Journal Of Infectious Diseases 1996, 173: 997-1000. PMID: 8603983, DOI: 10.1093/infdis/173.4.997.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHepatitis C virus RNAHepatitis B virus DNAHepatitis virus infectionC virus RNAB virus DNAPolymerase chain reactionVirus infectionVirus DNAHBV core antigenVirus RNANeedle exchange programsHCV antibodiesHCV antigensCore antigenHBV coreUsed syringesPCR testingSyringe useDrug usersHCVHBVChain reactionAntibodiesMean limitSyringes
1994
A decline in HIV-infected needles returned to New Haven's needle exchange program: client shift or needle exchange?
Kaplan EH, Khoshnood K, Heimer R. A decline in HIV-infected needles returned to New Haven's needle exchange program: client shift or needle exchange? American Journal Of Public Health 1994, 84: 1991-4. PMID: 7998644, PMCID: PMC1615375, DOI: 10.2105/ajph.84.12.1991.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsConnecticutDNA, ViralHIV InfectionsHIV-1HumansNeedle-Exchange ProgramsNeedlesPolymerase Chain Reaction
1993
Needle exchange decreases the prevalence of HIV-1 proviral DNA in returned syringes in New Haven, Connecticut
Heimer R, Kaplan E, Khoshnood K, Jariwala B, Cadman E. Needle exchange decreases the prevalence of HIV-1 proviral DNA in returned syringes in New Haven, Connecticut. The American Journal Of Medicine 1993, 95: 214-220. PMID: 8356986, DOI: 10.1016/0002-9343(93)90263-o.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHIV-1 proviral DNANeedle exchange programsProviral DNANew Haven's needle exchange programNeedle exchangeHIV-1 prevalenceIntravenous drug usersNeedle exchange clientsDrug treatment programsPercentage of syringesDrug use habitsSyringe trackingDNA prevalenceNew HavenPolymerase chain reactionDrug treatmentDrug usersTreatment programPrevalenceChain reactionExchange programsSyringesMonthsProgram participantsFunded evaluation