Effect modification by sex for associations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) with cardiovascular mortality, hospitalization, and emergency room visits: systematic review and meta-analysis
Heo S, Son JY, Lim CC, Fong KC, Choi HM, Hernandez-Ramirez RU, Nyhan K, Dhillon PK, Kapoor S, Prabhakaran D, Spiegelman D, Bell ML. Effect modification by sex for associations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) with cardiovascular mortality, hospitalization, and emergency room visits: systematic review and meta-analysis. Environmental Research Letters 2022, 17: 053006. PMID: 35662857, PMCID: PMC9162078, DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/ac6cfb.Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus StatementsCardiovascular diseaseRisk ratioCVD mortalityEffect modificationObservational studyLong-term exposureSystematic reviewIschemic heart diseaseAcute myocardial infarctionQuality of evidenceMeeting inclusion criteriaDifferent risksLong-term PMShort-term PMEffects of PMCurrent observational studyRecommendations AssessmentCardiovascular mortalityCardiovascular riskCVD outcomesCVD riskHeart failureCardiac arrestMyocardial infarctionSubgroup analysis