Fetal atrioventricular valve insufficiency associated with nonimmune hydrops: a two-dimensional echocardiographic and pulsed Doppler ultrasound study.
Silverman N, Kleinman C, Rudolph A, Copel J, Weinstein E, Enderlein M, Golbus M. Fetal atrioventricular valve insufficiency associated with nonimmune hydrops: a two-dimensional echocardiographic and pulsed Doppler ultrasound study. Circulation 1985, 72: 825-832. PMID: 3896564, DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.72.4.825.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAtrioventricular valve insufficiencyStructural heart diseaseNonimmune hydropsValve insufficiencyHeart diseaseLow colloid oncotic pressureFetal cardiac failureAtrioventricular valve regurgitationEarly neonatal periodColloid oncotic pressureCardiac ultrasound examinationDoppler ultrasound studiesM-mode echocardiographyEarly postnatal periodVenous hypertensionHydropic fetusesValve regurgitationCardiac failureSupraventricular tachyarrhythmiasNeonatal periodPoor prognosisEleven fetusesMode echocardiographyUltrasound examinationDoppler ultrasound