Head kinematics during in vitro whiplash simulation
Cholewicki J, Panjabi M, Nibu K, Babat L, Grauer J, Dvorak J. Head kinematics during in vitro whiplash simulation. Accident Analysis & Prevention 1998, 30: 469-479. PMID: 9666243, DOI: 10.1016/s0001-4575(97)00103-6.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsWhiplash traumaPotential neck injurySled accelerationMaximum head rotationHead kinematicsPossible injury mechanismsCervical spineInjury mechanismNeck injuriesHead angular displacementHuman cervical spineHead extensionHead kinematic responsesTraumaTrauma classesWhiplash simulationHead rotationWhiplashLate phaseSurrogate headCritical load of the human cervical spine: an in vitro experimental study
Panjabi MM, Cholewicki J, Nibu K, Grauer J, Babat LB, Dvorak J. Critical load of the human cervical spine: an in vitro experimental study. Clinical Biomechanics 1998, 13: 11-17. PMID: 11415766, DOI: 10.1016/s0268-0033(97)00057-0.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCritical loadHuman cervical spineEuler theoryCompressive forceCritical load valuesHuman cervical spine specimensMaximum compressive forceCervical spine specimensSpine specimensAverage critical loadAxial compressionExternal loadStiffness dataLoad valuesLoadEuler's senseExperimental resultsExperimental studySpecial apparatusForceAverage headPlaneSpecimensStiffness