Transforming Growth Factors α and β Are Essential for Modeling Cholangiocarcinoma Desmoplasia and Progression in a Three-Dimensional Organotypic Culture Model
Manzanares MÁ, Usui A, Campbell DJ, Dumur CI, Maldonado GT, Fausther M, Dranoff JA, Sirica AE. Transforming Growth Factors α and β Are Essential for Modeling Cholangiocarcinoma Desmoplasia and Progression in a Three-Dimensional Organotypic Culture Model. American Journal Of Pathology 2017, 187: 1068-1092. PMID: 28315313, PMCID: PMC5417049, DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.01.013.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsIntrahepatic cholangiocarcinomaOrganotypic culture modelDesmoplastic reactionThree-dimensional organotypic culture modelsCulture modelMesenchymal cell originCholangiocarcinoma cell growthCancer-associated myofibroblastsGrowth factor αAggressive malignancyDense fibrocollagenous stromaMalignant gradingCell anaplasiaSitu tumors