Biomarkers of Potential Harm among Adult Cigarette and Smokeless Tobacco Users in the PATH Study Wave 1 (2013–2014): A Cross-sectional Analysis
Chang JT, Vivar JC, Tam J, Hammad HT, Christensen CH, van Bemmel DM, Das B, Danilenko U, Chang CM. Biomarkers of Potential Harm among Adult Cigarette and Smokeless Tobacco Users in the PATH Study Wave 1 (2013–2014): A Cross-sectional Analysis. Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention 2021, 30: 1320-1327. PMID: 33947655, PMCID: PMC8254764, DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-20-1544.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsFormer smokersTobacco usersSmokeless tobaccoST usersDual usersCigarette smokersPATH Study Waves 1Exclusive cigarette smokersShort-term health effectsHigher sICAM-1Geometric mean ratiosSmokeless tobacco usersPotential harmOxidative stress levelsOxidative stress biomarkersCross-sectional analysisWave 1Current smokersSICAM-1Oral cancerBiomarker levelsTobacco use groupsCardiovascular diseaseAdult cigaretteTobacco use