2009
Decreased number of parvalbumin and cholinergic interneurons in the striatum of individuals with Tourette syndrome
Kataoka Y, Kalanithi PS, Grantz H, Schwartz ML, Saper C, Leckman JF, Vaccarino FM. Decreased number of parvalbumin and cholinergic interneurons in the striatum of individuals with Tourette syndrome. The Journal Of Comparative Neurology 2009, 518: 277-291. PMID: 19941350, PMCID: PMC2846837, DOI: 10.1002/cne.22206.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMedium spiny neuronsCholinergic interneuronsTourette syndromeNormal controlsCholinergic striatal interneuronsNumber of parvalbuminBrains of patientsCaudate nucleus volumeUnbiased stereological analysisStriatal interneuronsOngoing motor behaviorCholinergic cellsTotal neuronsCholine acetyltransferaseSpiny neuronsLimbic regionsStriatum of individualsTS patientsPostmortem brainsThalamic controlSensorimotor regionsInterneuronsCellular abnormalitiesNeuron firingTS subjects
2007
Frontal dopaminergic abnormality in Tourette syndrome: A postmortem analysis
Yoon DY, Gause CD, Leckman JF, Singer HS. Frontal dopaminergic abnormality in Tourette syndrome: A postmortem analysis. Journal Of The Neurological Sciences 2007, 255: 50-56. PMID: 17337006, DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2007.01.069.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTourette syndromeDopamine transporterReceptor densityPathophysiology of TSAlpha-adrenergic receptorsSex-matched controlsD2 receptor densityPostmortem brain tissueFrontal regionsDopaminergic dysfunctionNeurochemical abnormalitiesDopaminergic abnormalitiesNeurochemical markersTS patientsFrontal cortexSemiquantitative immunoblottingFrontal lobeBrain tissueTS subjectsTerminal markersOccipital regionAbnormalitiesVesicular dockingPathophysiologySyndrome