Featured Publications
A fluoro-Nissl dye identifies pericytes as distinct vascular mural cells during in vivo brain imaging
Damisah EC, Hill RA, Tong L, Murray KN, Grutzendler J. A fluoro-Nissl dye identifies pericytes as distinct vascular mural cells during in vivo brain imaging. Nature Neuroscience 2017, 20: 1023-1032. PMID: 28504673, PMCID: PMC5550770, DOI: 10.1038/nn.4564.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchEmbolus extravasation is an alternative mechanism for cerebral microvascular recanalization
Lam CK, Yoo T, Hiner B, Liu Z, Grutzendler J. Embolus extravasation is an alternative mechanism for cerebral microvascular recanalization. Nature 2010, 465: 478-482. PMID: 20505729, PMCID: PMC2879083, DOI: 10.1038/nature09001.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAge-related cognitive disordersBlood vesselsPossible therapeutic targetAged miceBlood flowTherapeutic targetCognitive disordersMice showBlood clotsEndothelial cellsUnderlying endotheliumMicroemboliExtravasationFibrinolysisVesselsRecanalizationEmboliPatientsStrokeEndotheliumMiceBloodBrainWeeksClots
2017
Oxalate-curcumin–based probe for micro- and macroimaging of reactive oxygen species in Alzheimer’s disease
Yang J, Zhang X, Yuan P, Yang J, Xu Y, Grutzendler J, Shao Y, Moore A, Ran C. Oxalate-curcumin–based probe for micro- and macroimaging of reactive oxygen species in Alzheimer’s disease. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America 2017, 114: 12384-12389. PMID: 29109280, PMCID: PMC5703278, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1706248114.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCerebral amyloid angiopathyAD brainAlzheimer's diseaseTwo-photon imagingNIRF imagingAmyloid-beta plaquesROS levelsIrreversible neurodegenerative disorderAD pathological conditionsAge-related increaseReactive oxygen species levelsAmyloid angiopathyBeta plaquesOxygen species levelsDrug treatmentHealthy brainNeurodegenerative disordersDiseaseOxidative stressHigh ROS levelsPathological conditionsReactive oxygen speciesBrainFluorescence imaging probeOxygen species
2016
Increased Nanoparticle Delivery to Brain Tumors by Autocatalytic Priming for Improved Treatment and Imaging
Han L, Kong DK, Zheng MQ, Murikinati S, Ma C, Yuan P, Li L, Tian D, Cai Q, Ye C, Holden D, Park JH, Gao X, Thomas JL, Grutzendler J, Carson RE, Huang Y, Piepmeier JM, Zhou J. Increased Nanoparticle Delivery to Brain Tumors by Autocatalytic Priming for Improved Treatment and Imaging. ACS Nano 2016, 10: 4209-4218. PMID: 26967254, PMCID: PMC5257033, DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b07573.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsAntineoplastic AgentsBiological TransportBlood-Brain BarrierBrain NeoplasmsCell Line, TumorDecanoic AcidsDrug Delivery SystemsEthanolaminesFemaleGenetic TherapyHeterograftsHumansMatrix Metalloproteinase 2MiceMice, Inbred C57BLNanoparticlesOptical ImagingPaclitaxelPermeabilityPolymersPurinesPyrazolesScorpion VenomsTranscytosisTumor MicroenvironmentConceptsBlood-brain barrierLow delivery efficiencyTransport of nanoparticlesCancer gene therapyNanoparticle deliveryMore nanoparticlesBrain tumorsNanoparticlesDelivery efficiencyGene therapySystemic deliveryNPsBrain malignanciesBBB modulatorsPharmacological agentsBrain cancerBrain regionsTumorsDeliveryBrainImproved treatmentInadequate amountsPositive feedback loopChemotherapyMalignancyNeurovascular and Immuno-Imaging: From Mechanisms to Therapies. Proceedings of the Inaugural Symposium
Akassoglou K, Agalliu D, Chang CJ, Davalos D, Grutzendler J, Hillman EM, Khakh BS, Kleinfeld D, McGavern DB, Nelson SJ, Zlokovic BV. Neurovascular and Immuno-Imaging: From Mechanisms to Therapies. Proceedings of the Inaugural Symposium. Frontiers In Neuroscience 2016, 10: 46. PMID: 26941593, PMCID: PMC4761864, DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00046.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchNeurovascular interfaceNeurological diseasesTherapeutic interventionsNovel targetInteractive symposiumPathological conditionsIntravital imagingVascular biologyNeurovascularVascular systemDiseaseBiological mechanismsRecent studiesUniversity of CaliforniaFundamental biological mechanismsSan FranciscoTherapyBrainInaugural symposiumImmunology
2012
In Vivo Imaging of Cerebral Microvascular Plasticity from Birth to Death
Harb R, Whiteus C, Freitas C, Grutzendler J. In Vivo Imaging of Cerebral Microvascular Plasticity from Birth to Death. Cerebrovascular And Brain Metabolism Reviews 2012, 33: 146-156. PMID: 23093067, PMCID: PMC3597363, DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2012.152.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsVascular stabilityYoung adult miceFirst postnatal monthDegenerative neurological disordersVessel formationHypoxia-induced angiogenesisCerebral functionPostnatal monthAdult brainAdult miceIntact brainMicrovascular plasticityNeurological disordersFirst monthMicrovessel formationOlder adultsMetabolic challengesTwo-photon microscopyNew vesselsBaseline turnoverLong-term adaptive responsesIndividual microvesselsMiceVivo patternBrain
2011
Transcranial Two-Photon Imaging of the Living Mouse Brain
Grutzendler J, Yang G, Pan F, Parkhurst CN, Gan WB. Transcranial Two-Photon Imaging of the Living Mouse Brain. Cold Spring Harbor Protocols 2011, 2011: pdb.prot065474. PMID: 21880826, PMCID: PMC4641516, DOI: 10.1101/pdb.prot065474.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMouse brainAxonal varicositiesSurgical proceduresDendritic spinesSide effectsBrain cellsTwo-photon imagingInvasive methodBlood vesselsSame animalsPathological conditionsTwo-photon microscopyIntact skullBrainTranscranialImagingMicrogliaSurgeryVaricositiesImaging methodNeuronsLong time intervalsSpine
2010
Thinned-skull cranial window technique for long-term imaging of the cortex in live mice
Yang G, Pan F, Parkhurst CN, Grutzendler J, Gan WB. Thinned-skull cranial window technique for long-term imaging of the cortex in live mice. Nature Protocols 2010, 5: 201-208. PMID: 20134419, PMCID: PMC4690457, DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2009.222.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTwo-photon laser scanning microscopyHigh optical resolutionThinned-skull cranial windowImportant experimental toolOptical resolutionLiving brainCranial window techniqueLive miceLong-term imagingCranial windowExperimental toolInvasive approachAvoids exposureFunctional changesCortical structuresLongitudinal imagingPathological conditionsCortexBrainLaser scanning microscopyScanning microscopyMiceImagingMicroscopyResolution
2007
Long-term two-photon transcranial imaging of synaptic structures in the living brain.
Grutzendler J, Gan WB. Long-term two-photon transcranial imaging of synaptic structures in the living brain. Cold Spring Harbor Protocols 2007, 2007: pdb.prot4766. PMID: 21357119, DOI: 10.1101/pdb.prot4766.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchLiving brainNeurological disease modelsMouse brain areasIndividual dendritic spinesAxonal varicositiesFrontal cortexDendritic spinesBrain areasTherapeutic interventionsSynaptic structureFunctional changesNeuronal structuresTranscranial imagingTwo-photon microscopyDisease modelsBrainLiving mouseSensitive toolImaging approachMemory processesImagingSomatosensoryVaricositiesCortexMice
2006
Two-photon imaging of synaptic plasticity and pathology in the living mouse brain
Grutzendler J, Gan WB. Two-photon imaging of synaptic plasticity and pathology in the living mouse brain. Neurotherapeutics 2006, 3: 489-496. PMID: 17012063, PMCID: PMC3593400, DOI: 10.1016/j.nurx.2006.07.005.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTwo-photon microscopyMouse brainAcute brain injuryPostsynaptic dendritic spinesAdult mouse brainCerebral ischemiaSynaptic pathologyCerebrovascular diseaseBrain injuryMouse modelDendritic spinesAnimal modelsBrain cellsIntact brainTwo-photon imagingNeuronal connectionsSynaptic plasticityAlzheimer's diseaseNeuronal structuresDiseaseBrainStructural plasticityPathologyTechnical considerationsIschemia