2022
Association of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Inhibitor Usage Patterns with Midterm Amputation-Free Survival after Lower Extremity Bypass for Peripheral Arterial Disease
Naazie I, Arhuidese I, Abdelgawwad M, Unkart J, Conte M, Malas M. Association of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Inhibitor Usage Patterns with Midterm Amputation-Free Survival after Lower Extremity Bypass for Peripheral Arterial Disease. Annals Of Vascular Surgery 2022, 88: 79-89. PMID: 36028182, DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2022.07.022.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsRenin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitor useRenin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitorsLower extremity bypassAmputation-free survivalPeripheral arterial diseaseArtery diseaseAssociated with improved 30-day mortalityAssociated with improved survivalAssociated with 2.8-foldPeripheral arterial disease patientsLEB outcomesArtery disease patientsLower-extremity bypassSurvival benefitSystem inhibitorsPostoperative periodRAAS inhibitionStudy cohortCox regressionPrimary outcomePotential confoundersIncreased oddsDisease patientsPatientsMortality
2021
Contemporary outcomes of concomitant suprainguinal bypass with infrainguinal revascularization procedures in patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia
Naazie I, Zarrintan S, Arhuidese I, Al-Nouri O, Abou-Zamzam A, Malas M. Contemporary outcomes of concomitant suprainguinal bypass with infrainguinal revascularization procedures in patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia. Journal Of Vascular Surgery 2021, 75: 989-997.e1. PMID: 34606957, DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2021.08.105.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsChronic limb-threatening ischemiaRisk of amputationSuprainguinal bypassRest painAmputation-free survivalIncreased riskLimb-threatening ischemiaInfrainguinal revascularizationTissue lossMajor amputationInfrainguinal bypassRevascularization proceduresIncreased risk of amputationPerioperative myocardial infarction rateAssociated with decreased riskConcomitant infrainguinal bypassOutcomes of patientsLog-rank testPerioperative myocardial infarctionKaplan-Meier survivalTreatment of patientsVascular Quality InitiativeMyocardial infarction rateInfrainguinal revascularization proceduresIncreased oddsAge-based outcomes of autogenous fistulas for hemodialysis access
Arhuidese I, King R, Elemuo C, Agbonkhese G, Calero A, Malas M. Age-based outcomes of autogenous fistulas for hemodialysis access. Journal Of Vascular Surgery 2021, 74: 1636-1642. PMID: 34298119, DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2021.06.477.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPrimary assisted patencySecondary patencyPopulation-based cohortAssisted patencyFistula maturationPrimary patencyAutogenous fistulasPatient survivalIncreasing agePopulation-based cohort of patientsUnited States Renal Database SystemArteriovenous access creationLog-rank testCohort of patientsCohort of HD patientsCox regression analysisRetrospective cohort studyRisk-adjusted analysisAccess maturationAccess creationPrimary assistedKaplan-MeierFistula useClinical statusHD accessImpact of impaired ambulatory capacity on the outcomes of peripheral vascular interventions among patients with chronic limb-threating ischemia
Naazie I, Arhuidese I, Zil-E-Ali A, Siracuse J, Malas M. Impact of impaired ambulatory capacity on the outcomes of peripheral vascular interventions among patients with chronic limb-threating ischemia. Journal Of Vascular Surgery 2021, 74: 489-498.e1. PMID: 33548441, DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2020.12.088.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultAgedAged, 80 and overAmputation, SurgicalChronic DiseaseDependent AmbulationEndovascular ProceduresFemaleFunctional StatusHospital MortalityHumansIschemiaLimb SalvageMaleMiddle AgedMobility LimitationPeripheral Arterial DiseaseProgression-Free SurvivalRegistriesRetrospective StudiesRisk AssessmentRisk FactorsTime FactorsConceptsChronic limb-threatening ischemiaAmbulatory with assistanceAmputation-free survivalWheelchair-bound patientsAmbulatory capacityNonambulatory patientsBedridden patientsAmbulatory patientsPoor functional statusPeripheral endovascular interventionsAmbulatory impairmentIn-hospital deathLimb-threatening ischemiaFunctional statusPostoperative complicationsSecondary outcomesLogistic regressionPeripheral vascular interventionsPrimary outcomeQuality InitiativeEndovascular interventionStudy outcomesAmputationOdds of postoperative complicationsWheelchair-bound
2020
Safety of carotid artery revascularization procedures in patients with atrial fibrillation
Nejim B, Mathlouthi A, Weaver L, Faateh M, Arhuidese I, Malas M. Safety of carotid artery revascularization procedures in patients with atrial fibrillation. Journal Of Vascular Surgery 2020, 72: 2069-2078.e4. PMID: 32471737, DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2020.01.074.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAgedAged, 80 and overAtrial FibrillationCarotid Artery DiseasesCerebral HemorrhageCross-Sectional StudiesDatabases, FactualEndarterectomy, CarotidEndovascular ProceduresFemaleHospital MortalityHumansMaleMiddle AgedRetrospective StudiesRisk AssessmentRisk FactorsStentsStrokeTime FactorsTreatment OutcomeUnited StatesConceptsCarotid artery stentingInternational Classification of DiseasesClinical Modification codesClassification of DiseasesOdds of intracerebral hemorrhagePredictors of ischemic strokeIntracerebral hemorrhageMultivariate logistic modelIn-hospital strokeCarotid artery diseaseCarotid endarterectomyHospital sizeAFib patientsInternational ClassificationModification codesHealthcare databasesMedication useStatistically significant predictorsAdjusted analysesAtrial fibrillationRandomized clinical trialsArtery diseasePremier Healthcare DatabaseAssociated with worse postoperative outcomesCarotid artery revascularization proceduresImpact of Body Mass Index on Outcomes of Autogenous Fistulas for Hemodialysis Access
Arhuidese I, Holscher C, Elemuo C, Parkerson G, Johnson B, Malas M. Impact of Body Mass Index on Outcomes of Autogenous Fistulas for Hemodialysis Access. Annals Of Vascular Surgery 2020, 68: 192-200. PMID: 32339695, DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2020.04.009.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsBody mass indexImpact of body mass indexEnd-stage renal diseaseObesity class IObesity classAutogenous fistulasMass indexSpectrum of body mass indexPopulation-based cohort of patientsUnited States Renal Database SystemClass ILog-rank testCohort of patientsCox regression analysisPrevalence of obesityKaplan-Meier estimatesPopulation-based cohortTreatment of end-stage renal diseaseChi-square testAccess maturationNo significant differenceNormal weightRetrospective studyHemodialysis accessRenal diseaseOutcomes of autogenous fistulas and prosthetic grafts for hemodialysis access in diabetic and nondiabetic patients
Arhuidese I, Purohit A, Elemuo C, Parkerson G, Shames M, Malas M. Outcomes of autogenous fistulas and prosthetic grafts for hemodialysis access in diabetic and nondiabetic patients. Journal Of Vascular Surgery 2020, 72: 2088-2096. PMID: 32276026, DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2020.02.035.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAgedAged, 80 and overArteriovenous Shunt, SurgicalBlood Vessel Prosthesis ImplantationDatabases, FactualDiabetic NephropathiesFemaleHumansKidney Failure, ChronicMaleMiddle AgedPostoperative ComplicationsRenal DialysisRetrospective StudiesRisk AssessmentRisk FactorsTime FactorsTreatment OutcomeUnited StatesVascular PatencyConceptsProsthetic graft infectionAutogenous fistulasSecondary patencyProsthetic graftsNondiabetic patientsPopulation-based cohortGraft infectionPrimary patencyPrimary assistedHemodialysis accessPopulation-based cohort of patientsUnited States Renal Database SystemCohort of hemodialysis patientsPrimary fistula patencyPrimary assisted patencyLog-rank testKaplan-Meier analysisCohort of patientsCox regression analysisRetrospective cohort studyStudent's t-testEffects of diabetesProsthetic graft patencyAssisted patencyGraft recipientsRacial differences in utilization and outcomes of hemodialysis access in the Unites States
Arhuidese I, AJi E, Muhammad R, Dhaliwal J, Shukla A, Malas M. Racial differences in utilization and outcomes of hemodialysis access in the Unites States. Journal Of Vascular Surgery 2020, 71: 1664-1673. PMID: 32173190, DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2019.07.092.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAutogenous fistulasPatient survivalInitiation of HDProsthetic graftsPrimary-assistedSecondary patencyFistula maturationCatheter useHispanic patientsFistula placementHD accessAssociated with better patencyAssociated with worse patencyOutcomes of arteriovenous fistulaUnited States Renal Database SystemCohort of hemodialysisLog-rank testCox regression analysisRisk-adjusted oddsNo significant differenceArteriovenous fistulaGraft maturationKaplan-MeierRetrospective analysisHemodialysis accessHemodynamic events during carotid stenting are associated with significant periprocedural stroke and adverse events
Arhuidese I, Ottinger M, Shukla A, Moudgil N, Armstrong P, Illig K, Johnson B, Shames M. Hemodynamic events during carotid stenting are associated with significant periprocedural stroke and adverse events. Journal Of Vascular Surgery 2020, 71: 1941-1953.e1. PMID: 32085961, DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2019.05.056.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPeriprocedural strokePeriprocedural hypertensionHemodynamic eventsLength of stayCarotid symptomsPreprocedure medicationsMyocardial infarctionAngiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitorsCox regression analysisSymptomatic carotid diseaseVascular Quality InitiativePopulation-based cohortAssociated with significant increasesSusceptible patientsPeriprocedural outcomesBeta-blockersAdverse eventsKaplan-MeierComparing patientsCAS proceduresPeriprocedural hypotensionCardiac diseaseCarotid angioplastyCarotid stentingCarotid diseaseAge-related outcomes of arteriovenous grafts for hemodialysis access
Arhuidese I, Beaulieu R, Aridi H, Locham S, Baldwin E, Malas M. Age-related outcomes of arteriovenous grafts for hemodialysis access. Journal Of Vascular Surgery 2020, 72: 643-650. PMID: 32067881, DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2019.10.096.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAge FactorsAgedAged, 80 and overArteriovenous Shunt, SurgicalBlood Vessel ProsthesisBlood Vessel Prosthesis ImplantationDatabases, FactualDevice RemovalFemaleGraft Occlusion, VascularHumansKidney Failure, ChronicMaleMiddle AgedProsthesis-Related InfectionsRenal DialysisReoperationRetrospective StudiesRisk AssessmentRisk FactorsTime FactorsTreatment OutcomeVascular PatencyConceptsPrimary assisted patencyPopulation-based cohortGraft infectionAssisted patencySecondary patencyPrimary patencyNo significant differenceArteriovenous graftsHemodialysis accessOutcomes of arteriovenous graftsAge-related outcomesOlder age categoriesCohort of hemodialysis patientsProsthetic graft infectionArteriovenous graft placementEnd-stage renal diseaseLog-rank testPrevalence of end-stage renal diseaseKaplan-Meier analysisSignificant differenceCox regression analysisRetrospective cohort studyOlder ageGraft excisionU.S. Renal Data System
2019
Gender-Based Utilization and Outcomes of Autogenous Fistulas and Prosthetic Grafts for Hemodialysis Access
Arhuidese I, Faateh M, Meshkin R, Calero A, Shames M, Malas M. Gender-Based Utilization and Outcomes of Autogenous Fistulas and Prosthetic Grafts for Hemodialysis Access. Annals Of Vascular Surgery 2019, 65: 196-205. PMID: 31626935, DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2019.08.083.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAgedArteriovenous Shunt, SurgicalBlood Vessel ProsthesisBlood Vessel Prosthesis ImplantationDatabases, FactualFemaleGraft Occlusion, VascularHealthcare DisparitiesHumansKidney Failure, ChronicMaleMiddle AgedPractice Patterns, Physicians'Prosthesis-Related InfectionsRenal DialysisRetrospective StudiesRisk FactorsSex FactorsTime FactorsTreatment OutcomeVascular PatencyConceptsArteriovenous fistulaHD cathetersPatient survivalAssociated with lower patencyOutcomes of arteriovenous fistulaMultivariate Cox regression analysisCohort of hemodialysisArteriovenous fistula maturationCox regression analysisLow patencyInitiation of HDRisk-adjusted analysisUnited States Renal Data SystemPopulation-based cohortPrimary-assistedAccess maturationAutogenous fistulasAVF maturationNo significant differenceConduit patencyKaplan-MeierHD accessRetrospective analysisProsthetic graftsCatheterSurvival after major lower extremity amputation in patients with end-stage renal disease
Arhuidese I, Nejim B, Aji E, Canner J, Malas M. Survival after major lower extremity amputation in patients with end-stage renal disease. Journal Of Vascular Surgery 2019, 70: 1291-1298. PMID: 31543169, DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2018.12.055.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsKnee amputeesKnee amputationBurden of peripheral artery diseaseLower extremity amputationEstimates of life expectancyEnd-stage renal diseaseRisk-adjusted mortalityAmputation levelExtremity amputationRace-specific differencesRT recipientsHealthcare providersPeripheral arterial diseaseHD patientsLong-term mortalityUnited States Renal Data SystemMedian survivalBKAKneeHispanicsLife expectancyRenal transplantationMLEAAmputationCardiovascular diseaseOutcomes of Infrainguinal Lower Extremity Bypass Are Superior in Kidney Transplant Recipients Than Patients with Dialysis
Nejim B, Hicks C, Arhuidese I, Locham S, Dakour-Aridi H, Malas M. Outcomes of Infrainguinal Lower Extremity Bypass Are Superior in Kidney Transplant Recipients Than Patients with Dialysis. Annals Of Vascular Surgery 2019, 63: 209-217. PMID: 31349053, DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2019.04.026.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAgedAmputation, SurgicalBlood Vessel Prosthesis ImplantationDatabases, FactualFemaleHumansKidney Failure, ChronicKidney TransplantationLimb SalvageLower ExtremityMaleMiddle AgedPeripheral Arterial DiseaseProgression-Free SurvivalRenal DialysisRetrospective StudiesRisk FactorsSaphenous VeinTime FactorsVascular PatencyConceptsLower extremity bypassEnd-stage renal diseaseKT recipientsPrimary patencyDialysis therapyAmputation-free survivalKidney transplantationVascular Quality Initiative databaseRisk-adjusted hazardsKidney transplant recipientsPositive effects of KTRisk of mortalityEffects of KTRisk of amputationLower-extremity bypassSurgical outcomesTransplant recipientsBaseline characteristicsBypass proceduresDialysis patientsRenal diseaseComparative efficacyKT groupDT groupPatientsVascular access for hemodialysis in the elderly
Arhuidese I, Cooper M, Rizwan M, Nejim B, Malas M. Vascular access for hemodialysis in the elderly. Journal Of Vascular Surgery 2019, 69: 517-525.e1. PMID: 30683199, DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2018.05.219.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAge FactorsAgedAged, 80 and overArteriovenous Shunt, SurgicalBlood Vessel Prosthesis ImplantationCatheterization, Central VenousClinical Decision-MakingDatabases, FactualFemaleGraft Occlusion, VascularHumansKidney Failure, ChronicLife ExpectancyMalePatient SelectionQuality of LifeRenal DialysisRetrospective StudiesRisk FactorsTime FactorsTreatment OutcomeUnited StatesVascular PatencyConceptsArteriovenous fistulaArteriovenous graftsElderly patientsPopulation-based cohort of elderly patientsHD cathetersMedian time to maturationOutcomes of arteriovenous fistulaUnited States Renal Database SystemCohort of elderly patientsMultivariate Cox regression analysisCatheter-free dialysisPre-emptive surgeryPrimary assisted patencyKaplan-Meier analysisCox regression analysisStudent's t-testPopulation-based cohortAssisted patencyTolerate surgerySecondary patencyPrimary patencySurgical riskModes of HDConduit patencyRetrospective analysis
2018
Infrainguinal bypass surgery outcomes are worse in hemodialysis patients compared with patients with renal transplants
Arhuidese I, Nejim B, Locham S, Malas M. Infrainguinal bypass surgery outcomes are worse in hemodialysis patients compared with patients with renal transplants. Journal Of Vascular Surgery 2018, 69: 850-856. PMID: 30583904, DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2018.05.252.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAgedBlood Vessel Prosthesis ImplantationDatabases, FactualFemaleHumansKidney Failure, ChronicKidney TransplantationLimb SalvageLower ExtremityMaleMiddle AgedPeripheral Arterial DiseasePostoperative ComplicationsRenal DialysisRetrospective StudiesRisk AssessmentRisk FactorsTime FactorsTreatment OutcomeUnited StatesVascular PatencyConceptsInfrainguinal bypass surgeryRenal transplantationRT patientsPatient survivalOutcome of infrainguinal bypass surgeryHD patientsBenefits of renal transplantationLimb salvageEnd-stage renal diseaseCox regression analysisLong-term outcomesEvaluate 30-dayRisk-adjusted analysisPopulation-based cohortCritical limb ischemiaU.S. Renal Data SystemRetrospective reviewBypass surgeryKaplan-MeierSurgery outcomesPatient-level riskRenal diseaseHemodialysis patientsLimb ischemiaPatientsOutcomes of lower extremity bypass surgery in patients with renal transplants
Arhuidese I, Nejim B, Craig-Schapiro R, Rizwan M, Malas M. Outcomes of lower extremity bypass surgery in patients with renal transplants. Journal Of Vascular Surgery 2018, 68: 1833-1840.e2. PMID: 30470370, DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2017.12.086.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAgedBioprosthesisBlood Vessel ProsthesisBlood Vessel Prosthesis ImplantationFemaleHumansKidney TransplantationLimb SalvageLower ExtremityMaleMiddle AgedPeripheral Arterial DiseasePostoperative ComplicationsRetrospective StudiesRisk FactorsTime FactorsTreatment OutcomeUnited StatesVascular PatencyVeinsConceptsOutcome of infrainguinal bypass surgeryInfrainguinal bypass surgeryPrimary assisted patencyRenal transplant patientsLong-term outcomesAssisted patencySecondary patencyTransplant patientsRenal transplantationProsthetic conduitLimb salvageBypass surgeryCohort of renal transplant patientsLower extremity bypass surgeryCox regression analysisEvaluate 30-dayMortality of patientsRisk-adjusted analysisUnited States Renal Data SystemPopulation-based cohortCritical limb ischemiaPopliteal-tibial bypassPrimary patencyRetrospective reviewAutogenous bypassUtilization, patency, and complications associated with vascular access for hemodialysis in the United States
Arhuidese I, Orandi B, Nejim B, Malas M. Utilization, patency, and complications associated with vascular access for hemodialysis in the United States. Journal Of Vascular Surgery 2018, 68: 1166-1174. PMID: 30244924, DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2018.01.049.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAgedAged, 80 and overArteriovenous Shunt, SurgicalBlood Vessel ProsthesisBlood Vessel Prosthesis ImplantationCatheter-Related InfectionsCatheterization, Central VenousCentral Venous CathetersDatabases, FactualFemaleGraft Occlusion, VascularHumansMaleMedical AuditMedicareMiddle AgedPractice Patterns, Physicians'Prosthesis-Related InfectionsRenal DialysisRetrospective StudiesRisk FactorsTime FactorsTreatment OutcomeUnited StatesVascular PatencyConceptsCatheter-free dialysisPrimary assisted patencyAutogenous fistulasPrimary patencyProsthetic graftsCatheter useAssisted patencySecondary patencySevere infectionsMedian time to maturationOutcome of vascular accessVascular accessAssociated with high mortalityLong-term hemodialysisComplications associated with vascular accessPatient survivalRetrospective studyAccess infectionFistula useGraft useHemodialysis cathetersFistulaCompare outcomesLow infection riskCatheterComparing the efficacy of shunting approaches and cerebral monitoring during carotid endarterectomy using a national database
Wiske C, Arhuidese I, Malas M, Patterson R. Comparing the efficacy of shunting approaches and cerebral monitoring during carotid endarterectomy using a national database. Journal Of Vascular Surgery 2018, 68: 416-425. PMID: 29571621, DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2017.11.077.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAgedAged, 80 and overBlood Pressure DeterminationCarotid Artery DiseasesCerebrovascular CirculationChi-Square DistributionDatabases, FactualElectroencephalographyEndarterectomy, CarotidFemaleHospital MortalityHumansIntraoperative Neurophysiological MonitoringLength of StayLogistic ModelsMaleMonitoring, IntraoperativeMultivariate AnalysisOdds RatioPractice Patterns, Physicians'Retrospective StudiesRisk FactorsStrokeSurgeonsTime FactorsTreatment OutcomeUnited StatesConceptsRate of in-hospital deathIn-hospital deathShunt groupPractice patternsRoutine shuntingCerebral monitoringReturn to the operating roomRisk factorsPostoperative length of stayVascular Quality Initiative databaseShorter postoperative length of stayPressure monitoringVascular Quality Initiative registryMultivariate logistic regression modelCerebral monitoring techniquesRisk-adjusted analysisPatient risk factorsMonitoring groupLow-frequency outcomesRate of strokeNational databaseLength of stayConcomitant proceduresSurgical approachRe-explorationRisks Associated With Primary and Redo Carotid Endarterectomy in the Endovascular Era
Arhuidese I, Faateh M, Nejim B, Locham S, Abularrage C, Malas M. Risks Associated With Primary and Redo Carotid Endarterectomy in the Endovascular Era. JAMA Surgery 2018, 153: 252-259. PMID: 29117272, PMCID: PMC5885921, DOI: 10.1001/jamasurg.2017.4477.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPrimary carotid endarterectomyRedo carotid endarterectomyAsymptomatic patientsSymptomatic patientsCarotid endarterectomyMyocardial infarctionProspective cohort of patientsPoint of careCohort of patientsPerioperative myocardial infarctionRisk of deathAsymptomatic carotid stenosisVascular Quality InitiativeRisk of strokeExcess riskMain OutcomesSociety for Vascular SurgeryClinicians' expectationsCommunity hospitalProfessional guidelinesConsecutive patientsProspective cohortNo significant differenceEndovascular therapyQuality InitiativeAggressive infrainguinal revascularization in renal transplant patients is justifiable
Craig-Schapiro R, Nejim B, Arhuidese I, Malas M. Aggressive infrainguinal revascularization in renal transplant patients is justifiable. American Journal Of Transplantation 2018, 18: 1718-1725. PMID: 29288558, DOI: 10.1111/ajt.14636.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAgedAmputation, SurgicalFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansKidney Failure, ChronicKidney TransplantationLimb SalvageLower ExtremityMaleMiddle AgedPatient SelectionPostoperative ComplicationsPrognosisReoperationRetrospective StudiesRisk AssessmentRisk FactorsSurvival RateTime FactorsVascular GraftingVascular PatencyConceptsCritical limb ischemiaRenal transplant patientsTransplant patientsNontransplant patientsLimb ischemiaPrimary patencyInfrainguinal revascularizationRisk factorsMultivariate Cox regression analysisVascular Quality Initiative databaseEnd-stage renal diseaseDistal bypassCox regression analysisOutcomes of lower extremity revascularizationPrimary patency lossLower extremity revascularizationAmputation-free survivalLimb salvage outcomesAssociated with limb lossOverall survivalProsthetic conduitVein conduitPatency lossRenal diseaseInfrainguinal bypass