Featured Publications
Mitochondrial genome copy number measured by DNA sequencing in human blood is strongly associated with metabolic traits via cell-type composition differences
Ganel L, Chen L, Christ R, Vangipurapu J, Young E, Das I, Kanchi K, Larson D, Regier A, Abel H, Kang CJ, Scott A, Havulinna A, Chiang CWK, Service S, Freimer N, Palotie A, Ripatti S, Kuusisto J, Boehnke M, Laakso M, Locke A, Stitziel NO, Hall IM. Mitochondrial genome copy number measured by DNA sequencing in human blood is strongly associated with metabolic traits via cell-type composition differences. Human Genomics 2021, 15: 34. PMID: 34099068, PMCID: PMC8185936, DOI: 10.1186/s40246-021-00335-2.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultAgedApoptosis Regulatory ProteinsCell LineageDNA Copy Number VariationsDNA, MitochondrialExome SequencingFemaleGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseGenome-Wide Association StudyGenome, MitochondrialGTP-Binding ProteinsHumansMaleMembrane ProteinsMendelian Randomization AnalysisMiddle AgedPhenotypePolymorphism, Single NucleotideProto-Oncogene Proteins c-mybSequence Analysis, DNAConceptsCell type compositionGenome copy numberBlood-derived DNAMitochondrial genome copy numberCombination of genomesCopy numberBulk DNA sequencingDNA sequencingPolygenic risk scoresNumber of mitochondriaExome sequencing dataRelated traitsSequencing dataMetabolic traitsTraitsCommon variantsLociRare variantsSequencingDNAFinnish individualsMendelian randomization frameworkUK BiobankMetS traitsGenomeAssociation of structural variation with cardiometabolic traits in Finns
Chen L, Abel HJ, Das I, Larson DE, Ganel L, Kanchi KL, Regier AA, Young EP, Kang CJ, Scott AJ, Chiang C, Wang X, Lu S, Christ R, Service SK, Chiang CWK, Havulinna AS, Kuusisto J, Boehnke M, Laakso M, Palotie A, Ripatti S, Freimer NB, Locke AE, Stitziel NO, Hall IM. Association of structural variation with cardiometabolic traits in Finns. American Journal Of Human Genetics 2021, 108: 583-596. PMID: 33798444, PMCID: PMC8059371, DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2021.03.008.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAllelesCardiovascular DiseasesCholesterolDNA Copy Number VariationsFemaleFinlandGenome, HumanGenomic Structural VariationGenotypeHigh-Throughput Nucleotide SequencingHumansMaleMitochondrial ProteinsPromoter Regions, GeneticPyruvate Dehydrogenase (Lipoamide)-PhosphatasePyruvic AcidSerum Albumin, HumanConceptsSingle nucleotide variantsCopy number variantsQuantitative traitsGenome-wide significant associationStructural variationsTrait mapping studiesDeep whole-genome sequencing dataGenome structural variationsWhole-genome sequencing dataStrong phenotypic effectsComplex genomic regionsCardiometabolic traitsLow-frequency structural variationsEvolutionary timeGenomic regionsPhenotypic effectsSequencing dataNucleotide variantsGenotype dataGene deletionNumber variantsTraitsGenetic associationCandidate associationsExome sequencingMapping and characterization of structural variation in 17,795 human genomes
Abel HJ, Larson DE, Regier AA, Chiang C, Das I, Kanchi KL, Layer RM, Neale BM, Salerno WJ, Reeves C, Buyske S, Matise T, Muzny D, Zody M, Lander E, Dutcher S, Stitziel N, Hall I. Mapping and characterization of structural variation in 17,795 human genomes. Nature 2020, 583: 83-89. PMID: 32460305, PMCID: PMC7547914, DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2371-0.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsStructural variantsWhole-genome sequencingHuman genomeUltra-rare structural variantsRare structural variantsSuch structural variantsSingle nucleotide variantsNoncoding elementsDosage sensitivityGenomeHuman geneticsSmall insertionsComplex rearrangementsDeletion variantsSmall variantsStructural variationsGenesSequencingAllelesForm of variationVariantsElement classesSite frequency dataDeleterious effectsGeneticsMosaic Copy Number Variation in Human Neurons
McConnell MJ, Lindberg MR, Brennand KJ, Piper JC, Voet T, Cowing-Zitron C, Shumilina S, Lasken RS, Vermeesch JR, Hall IM, Gage FH. Mosaic Copy Number Variation in Human Neurons. Science 2013, 342: 632-637. PMID: 24179226, PMCID: PMC3975283, DOI: 10.1126/science.1243472.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCopy number variationsHiPSC-derived neuronsSingle-cell genomic approachesNumber variationsDNA copy number variationsSingle-cell sequencingHuman neuronsLarge copy number variationsStem cell linesNeural progenitor cellsNovo copy-number variationsPluripotent stem cell lineAneuploid neuronsGenomic approachesDe novo copy-number variationsSubchromosomal copy number variationsAberrant genomesFrontal cortex neuronsLarge deletionsProgenitor cellsCell linesSubset of neuronsEuploid neuronsDeletionMultiple alterations
2022
Integrating transcriptomics, metabolomics, and GWAS helps reveal molecular mechanisms for metabolite levels and disease risk
Yin X, Bose D, Kwon A, Hanks S, Jackson A, Stringham H, Welch R, Oravilahti A, Silva L, FinnGen, Locke A, Fuchsberger C, Service S, Erdos M, Bonnycastle L, Kuusisto J, Stitziel N, Hall I, Morrison J, Ripatti S, Palotie A, Freimer N, Collins F, Mohlke K, Scott L, Fauman E, Burant C, Boehnke M, Laakso M, Wen X. Integrating transcriptomics, metabolomics, and GWAS helps reveal molecular mechanisms for metabolite levels and disease risk. American Journal Of Human Genetics 2022, 109: 1727-1741. PMID: 36055244, PMCID: PMC9606383, DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2022.08.007.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsGenome-wide association studiesMolecular mechanismsGWAS resultsDisease traitsGene expressionMetabolic pathwaysTranscriptome-wide associationSame causal variantsMetabolomics resultsTranscriptomic resultsMolecular traitsTranscriptomic dataGTEx projectCausal variantsGlycerophospholipid metabolic pathwayTranscriptomicsAssociation studiesColocalization analysisMetabolite levelsDistinct pathwaysPutative causal effectGenetic variantsGenesUGT1A4 expressionGenetic associationHigh-coverage whole-genome sequencing of the expanded 1000 Genomes Project cohort including 602 trios
Byrska-Bishop M, Evani U, Zhao X, Basile A, Abel H, Regier A, Corvelo A, Clarke W, Musunuri R, Nagulapalli K, Fairley S, Runnels A, Winterkorn L, Lowy E, Consortium H, Eichler E, Korbel J, Lee C, Marschall T, Devine S, Harvey W, Zhou W, Mills R, Rausch T, Kumar S, Alkan C, Hormozdiari F, Chong Z, Chen Y, Yang X, Lin J, Gerstein M, Kai Y, Zhu Q, Yilmaz F, Xiao C, Flicek P, Germer S, Brand H, Hall I, Talkowski M, Narzisi G, Zody M. High-coverage whole-genome sequencing of the expanded 1000 Genomes Project cohort including 602 trios. Cell 2022, 185: 3426-3440.e19. PMID: 36055201, PMCID: PMC9439720, DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.08.004.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2017
The impact of rare variation on gene expression across tissues
Aguet F, Ardlie K, Cummings B, Gelfand E, Getz G, Hadley K, Handsaker R, Huang K, Kashin S, Karczewski K, Lek M, Li X, MacArthur D, Nedzel J, Nguyen D, Noble M, Segrè A, Trowbridge C, Tukiainen T, Abell N, Balliu B, Barshir R, Basha O, Battle A, Bogu G, Brown A, Brown C, Castel S, Chen L, Chiang C, Conrad D, Cox N, Damani F, Davis J, Delaneau O, Dermitzakis E, Engelhardt B, Eskin E, Ferreira P, Frésard L, Gamazon E, Garrido-Martín D, Gewirtz A, Gliner G, Gloudemans M, Guigo R, Hall I, Han B, He Y, Hormozdiari F, Howald C, Kyung Im H, Jo B, Yong Kang E, Kim Y, Kim-Hellmuth S, Lappalainen T, Li G, Li X, Liu B, Mangul S, McCarthy M, McDowell I, Mohammadi P, Monlong J, Montgomery S, Muñoz-Aguirre M, Ndungu A, Nicolae D, Nobel A, Oliva M, Ongen H, Palowitch J, Panousis N, Papasaikas P, Park Y, Parsana P, Payne A, Peterson C, Quan J, Reverter F, Sabatti C, Saha A, Sammeth M, Scott A, Shabalin A, Sodaei R, Stephens M, Stranger B, Strober B, Sul J, Tsang E, Urbut S, van de Bunt M, Wang G, Wen X, Wright F, Xi H, Yeger-Lotem E, Zappala Z, Zaugg J, Zhou Y, Akey J, Bates D, Chan J, Chen L, Claussnitzer M, Demanelis K, Diegel M, Doherty J, Feinberg A, Fernando M, Halow J, Hansen K, Haugen E, Hickey P, Hou L, Jasmine F, Jian R, Jiang L, Johnson A, Kaul R, Kellis M, Kibriya M, Lee K, Billy Li J, Li Q, Li X, Lin J, Lin S, Linder S, Linke C, Liu Y, Maurano M, Molinie B, Montgomery S, Nelson J, Neri F, Oliva M, Park Y, Pierce B, Rinaldi N, Rizzardi L, Sandstrom R, Skol A, Smith K, Snyder M, Stamatoyannopoulos J, Stranger B, Tang H, Tsang E, Wang L, Wang M, Van Wittenberghe N, Wu F, Zhang R, Nierras C, Branton P, Carithers L, Guan P, Moore H, Rao A, Vaught J, Gould S, Lockart N, Martin C, Struewing J, Volpi S, Addington A, Koester S, Little A, Brigham L, Hasz R, Hunter M, Johns C, Johnson M, Kopen G, Leinweber W, Lonsdale J, McDonald A, Mestichelli B, Myer K, Roe B, Salvatore M, Shad S, Thomas J, Walters G, Washington M, Wheeler J, Bridge J, Foster B, Gillard B, Karasik E, Kumar R, Miklos M, Moser M, Jewell S, Montroy R, Rohrer D, Valley D, Davis D, Mash D, Undale A, Smith A, Tabor D, Roche N, McLean J, Vatanian N, Robinson K, Sobin L, Barcus M, Valentino K, Qi L, Hunter S, Hariharan P, Singh S, Um K, Matose T, Tomaszewski M, Barker L, Mosavel M, Siminoff L, Traino H, Flicek P, Juettemann T, Ruffier M, Sheppard D, Taylor K, Trevanion S, Zerbino D, Craft B, Goldman M, Haeussler M, Kent W, Lee C, Paten B, Rosenbloom K, Vivian J, Zhu J. The impact of rare variation on gene expression across tissues. Nature 2017, 550: 239-243. PMID: 29022581, PMCID: PMC5877409, DOI: 10.1038/nature24267.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchDynamic landscape and regulation of RNA editing in mammals
Aguet F, Ardlie K, Cummings B, Gelfand E, Getz G, Hadley K, Handsaker R, Huang K, Kashin S, Karczewski K, Lek M, Li X, MacArthur D, Nedzel J, Nguyen D, Noble M, Segrè A, Trowbridge C, Tukiainen T, Abell N, Balliu B, Barshir R, Basha O, Battle A, Bogu G, Brown A, Brown C, Castel S, Chen L, Chiang C, Conrad D, Cox N, Damani F, Davis J, Delaneau O, Dermitzakis E, Engelhardt B, Eskin E, Ferreira P, Frésard L, Gamazon E, Garrido-Martín D, Gewirtz A, Gliner G, Gloudemans M, Guigo R, Hall I, Han B, He Y, Hormozdiari F, Howald C, Kyung Im H, Jo B, Yong Kang E, Kim Y, Kim-Hellmuth S, Lappalainen T, Li G, Li X, Liu B, Mangul S, McCarthy M, McDowell I, Mohammadi P, Monlong J, Montgomery S, Muñoz-Aguirre M, Ndungu A, Nicolae D, Nobel A, Oliva M, Ongen H, Palowitch J, Panousis N, Papasaikas P, Park Y, Parsana P, Payne A, Peterson C, Quan J, Reverter F, Sabatti C, Saha A, Sammeth M, Scott A, Shabalin A, Sodaei R, Stephens M, Stranger B, Strober B, Sul J, Tsang E, Urbut S, van de Bunt M, Wang G, Wen X, Wright F, Xi H, Yeger-Lotem E, Zappala Z, Zaugg J, Zhou Y, Akey J, Bates D, Chan J, Chen L, Claussnitzer M, Demanelis K, Diegel M, Doherty J, Feinberg A, Fernando M, Halow J, Hansen K, Haugen E, Hickey P, Hou L, Jasmine F, Jian R, Jiang L, Johnson A, Kaul R, Kellis M, Kibriya M, Lee K, Li J, Li Q, Li X, Lin J, Lin S, Linder S, Linke C, Liu Y, Maurano M, Molinie B, Montgomery S, Nelson J, Neri F, Oliva M, Park Y, Pierce B, Rinaldi N, Rizzardi L, Sandstrom R, Skol A, Smith K, Snyder M, Stamatoyannopoulos J, Stranger B, Tang H, Tsang E, Wang L, Wang M, Van Wittenberghe N, Wu F, Zhang R, Nierras C, Branton P, Carithers L, Guan P, Moore H, Rao A, Vaught J, Gould S, Lockart N, Martin C, Struewing J, Volpi S, Addington A, Koester S, Little A, Brigham L, Hasz R, Hunter M, Johns C, Johnson M, Kopen G, Leinweber W, Lonsdale J, McDonald A, Mestichelli B, Myer K, Roe B, Salvatore M, Shad S, Thomas J, Walters G, Washington M, Wheeler J, Bridge J, Foster B, Gillard B, Karasik E, Kumar R, Miklos M, Moser M, Jewell S, Montroy R, Rohrer D, Valley D, Davis D, Mash D, Undale A, Smith A, Tabor D, Roche N, McLean J, Vatanian N, Robinson K, Sobin L, Barcus M, Valentino K, Qi L, Hunter S, Hariharan P, Singh S, Um K, Matose T, Tomaszewski M, Barker L, Mosavel M, Siminoff L, Traino H, Flicek P, Juettemann T, Ruffier M, Sheppard D, Taylor K, Trevanion S, Zerbino D, Craft B, Goldman M, Haeussler M, Kent W, Lee C, Paten B, Rosenbloom K, Vivian J, Zhu J. Dynamic landscape and regulation of RNA editing in mammals. Nature 2017, 550: 249-254. PMID: 29022589, PMCID: PMC5723435, DOI: 10.1038/nature24041.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchLandscape of X chromosome inactivation across human tissues
Aguet F, Ardlie K, Cummings B, Gelfand E, Getz G, Hadley K, Handsaker R, Huang K, Kashin S, Karczewski K, Lek M, Li X, MacArthur D, Nedzel J, Nguyen D, Noble M, Segrè A, Trowbridge C, Tukiainen T, Abell N, Balliu B, Barshir R, Basha O, Battle A, Bogu G, Brown A, Brown C, Castel S, Chen L, Chiang C, Conrad D, Cox N, Damani F, Davis J, Delaneau O, Dermitzakis E, Engelhardt B, Eskin E, Ferreira P, Frésard L, Gamazon E, Garrido-Martín D, Gewirtz A, Gliner G, Gloudemans M, Guigo R, Hall I, Han B, He Y, Hormozdiari F, Howald C, Kyung Im H, Jo B, Yong Kang E, Kim Y, Kim-Hellmuth S, Lappalainen T, Li G, Li X, Liu B, Mangul S, McCarthy M, McDowell I, Mohammadi P, Monlong J, Montgomery S, Muñoz-Aguirre M, Ndungu A, Nicolae D, Nobel A, Oliva M, Ongen H, Palowitch J, Panousis N, Papasaikas P, Park Y, Parsana P, Payne A, Peterson C, Quan J, Reverter F, Sabatti C, Saha A, Sammeth M, Scott A, Shabalin A, Sodaei R, Stephens M, Stranger B, Strober B, Sul J, Tsang E, Urbut S, van de Bunt M, Wang G, Wen X, Wright F, Xi H, Yeger-Lotem E, Zappala Z, Zaugg J, Zhou Y, Akey J, Bates D, Chan J, Chen L, Claussnitzer M, Demanelis K, Diegel M, Doherty J, Feinberg A, Fernando M, Halow J, Hansen K, Haugen E, Hickey P, Hou L, Jasmine F, Jian R, Jiang L, Johnson A, Kaul R, Kellis M, Kibriya M, Lee K, Li J, Li Q, Li X, Lin J, Lin S, Linder S, Linke C, Liu Y, Maurano M, Molinie B, Montgomery S, Nelson J, Neri F, Oliva M, Park Y, Pierce B, Rinaldi N, Rizzardi L, Sandstrom R, Skol A, Smith K, Snyder M, Stamatoyannopoulos J, Stranger B, Tang H, Tsang E, Wang L, Wang M, Van Wittenberghe N, Wu F, Zhang R, Nierras C, Branton P, Carithers L, Guan P, Moore H, Rao A, Vaught J, Gould S, Lockart N, Martin C, Struewing J, Volpi S, Addington A, Koester S, Little A, Brigham L, Hasz R, Hunter M, Johns C, Johnson M, Kopen G, Leinweber W, Lonsdale J, McDonald A, Mestichelli B, Myer K, Roe B, Salvatore M, Shad S, Thomas J, Walters G, Washington M, Wheeler J, Bridge J, Foster B, Gillard B, Karasik E, Kumar R, Miklos M, Moser M, Jewell S, Montroy R, Rohrer D, Valley D, Davis D, Mash D, Undale A, Smith A, Tabor D, Roche N, McLean J, Vatanian N, Robinson K, Sobin L, Barcus M, Valentino K, Qi L, Hunter S, Hariharan P, Singh S, Um K, Matose T, Tomaszewski M, Barker L, Mosavel M, Siminoff L, Traino H, Flicek P, Juettemann T, Ruffier M, Sheppard D, Taylor K, Trevanion S, Zerbino D, Craft B, Goldman M, Haeussler M, Kent W, Lee C, Paten B, Rosenbloom K, Vivian J, Zhu J. Landscape of X chromosome inactivation across human tissues. Nature 2017, 550: 244-248. PMID: 29022598, PMCID: PMC5685192, DOI: 10.1038/nature24265.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchGenetic effects on gene expression across human tissues
Aguet F, Brown A, Castel S, Davis J, He Y, Jo B, Mohammadi P, Park Y, Parsana P, Segrè A, Strober B, Zappala Z, Cummings B, Gelfand E, Hadley K, Huang K, Lek M, Li X, Nedzel J, Nguyen D, Noble M, Sullivan T, Tukiainen T, MacArthur D, Getz G, Addington A, Guan P, Koester S, Little A, Lockhart N, Moore H, Rao A, Struewing J, Volpi S, Brigham L, Hasz R, Hunter M, Johns C, Johnson M, Kopen G, Leinweber W, Lonsdale J, McDonald A, Mestichelli B, Myer K, Roe B, Salvatore M, Shad S, Thomas J, Walters G, Washington M, Wheeler J, Bridge J, Foster B, Gillard B, Karasik E, Kumar R, Miklos M, Moser M, Jewell S, Montroy R, Rohrer D, Valley D, Mash D, Davis D, Sobin L, Barcus M, Branton P, Abell N, Balliu B, Delaneau O, Frésard L, Gamazon E, Garrido-Martín D, Gewirtz A, Gliner G, Gloudemans M, Han B, He A, Hormozdiari F, Li X, Liu B, Kang E, McDowell I, Ongen H, Palowitch J, Peterson C, Quon G, Ripke S, Saha A, Shabalin A, Shimko T, Sul J, Teran N, Tsang E, Zhang H, Zhou Y, Bustamante C, Cox N, Guigó R, Kellis M, McCarthy M, Conrad D, Eskin E, Li G, Nobel A, Sabatti C, Stranger B, Wen X, Wright F, Ardlie K, Dermitzakis E, Lappalainen T, Aguet F, Ardlie K, Cummings B, Gelfand E, Getz G, Hadley K, Handsaker R, Huang K, Kashin S, Karczewski K, Lek M, Li X, MacArthur D, Nedzel J, Nguyen D, Noble M, Segrè A, Trowbridge C, Tukiainen T, Abell N, Balliu B, Barshir R, Basha O, Battle A, Bogu G, Brown A, Brown C, Castel S, Chen L, Chiang C, Conrad D, Cox N, Damani F, Davis J, Delaneau O, Dermitzakis E, Engelhardt B, Eskin E, Ferreira P, Frésard L, Gamazon E, Garrido-Martín D, Gewirtz A, Gliner G, Gloudemans M, Guigo R, Hall I, Han B, He Y, Hormozdiari F, Howald C, Kyung Im H, Jo B, Yong Kang E, Kim Y, Kim-Hellmuth S, Lappalainen T, Li G, Li X, Liu B, Mangul S, McCarthy M, McDowell I, Mohammadi P, Monlong J, Montgomery S, Muñoz-Aguirre M, Ndungu A, Nicolae D, Nobel A, Oliva M, Ongen H, Palowitch J, Panousis N, Papasaikas P, Park Y, Parsana P, Payne A, Peterson C, Quan J, Reverter F, Sabatti C, Saha A, Sammeth M, Scott A, Shabalin A, Sodaei R, Stephens M, Stranger B, Strober B, Sul J, Tsang E, Urbut S, van de Bunt M, Wang G, Wen X, Wright F, Xi H, Yeger-Lotem E, Zappala Z, Zaugg J, Zhou Y, Akey J, Bates D, Chan J, Chen L, Claussnitzer M, Demanelis K, Diegel M, Doherty J, Feinberg A, Fernando M, Halow J, Hansen K, Haugen E, Hickey P, Hou L, Jasmine F, Jian R, Jiang L, Johnson A, Kaul R, Kellis M, Kibriya M, Lee K, Billy Li J, Li Q, Li X, Lin J, Lin S, Linder S, Linke C, Liu Y, Maurano M, Molinie B, Montgomery S, Nelson J, Neri F, Oliva M, Park Y, Pierce B, Rinaldi N, Rizzardi L, Sandstrom R, Skol A, Smith K, Snyder M, Stamatoyannopoulos J, Stranger B, Tang H, Tsang E, Wang L, Wang M, Van Wittenberghe N, Wu F, Zhang R, Nierras C, Branton P, Carithers L, Guan P, Moore H, Rao A, Vaught J, Gould S, Lockart N, Martin C, Struewing J, Volpi S, Addington A, Koester S, Little A, Brigham L, Hasz R, Hunter M, Johns C, Johnson M, Kopen G, Leinweber W, Lonsdale J, McDonald A, Mestichelli B, Myer K, Roe B, Salvatore M, Shad S, Thomas J, Walters G, Washington M, Wheeler J, Bridge J, Foster B, Gillard B, Karasik E, Kumar R, Miklos M, Moser M, Jewell S, Montroy R, Rohrer D, Valley D, Davis D, Mash D, Undale A, Smith A, Tabor D, Roche N, McLean J, Vatanian N, Robinson K, Sobin L, Barcus M, Valentino K, Qi L, Hunter S, Hariharan P, Singh S, Um K, Matose T, Tomaszewski M, Barker L, Mosavel M, Siminoff L, Traino H, Flicek P, Juettemann T, Ruffier M, Sheppard D, Taylor K, Trevanion S, Zerbino D, Craft B, Goldman M, Haeussler M, Kent W, Lee C, Paten B, Rosenbloom K, Vivian J, Zhu J. Genetic effects on gene expression across human tissues. Nature 2017, 550: 204-213. PMID: 29022597, PMCID: PMC5776756, DOI: 10.1038/nature24277.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsGene expression levelsGenetic effectsExpression levelsGenotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) projectLocal genetic variationMajority of genesHuman genetic traitsDisease-associated variationMolecular functionsGene regulationHuman genomeHuman tissuesExpression projectGenetic variationGenetic basisDiverse tissuesGene expressionTissue specificityGenetic traitsCellular mechanismsGenesFunctional propertiesGenomeTissueLoci