Ring Chromosome 21
Zhang H, Chai H. Ring Chromosome 21. 2024, 287-300. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-47530-6_25.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchChromosomal microarray analysisCongenital anomaliesAcute leukemiaFluorescence in situ hybridizationTreatment of congenital anomaliesIncreased risk of miscarriageMultiple congenital anomaliesRisk of miscarriageBone marrow cellsEvaluation of infertilityAdult male patientsAdult female patientsRing chromosome 21Chromosome 21Spectrum of phenotypesGenomic imbalancesCraniofacial dysmorphismFemale patientsMale patientsMarrow cellsChromosome analysisClinical managementIncreased riskDevelopmental delayPatients