2009
Streptococcal Upper Respiratory Tract Infections and Psychosocial Stress Predict Future Tic and Obsessive-Compulsive Symptom Severity in Children and Adolescents with Tourette Syndrome and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Lin H, Williams KA, Katsovich L, Findley DB, Grantz H, Lombroso PJ, King RA, Bessen DE, Johnson D, Kaplan EL, Landeros-Weisenberger A, Zhang H, Leckman JF. Streptococcal Upper Respiratory Tract Infections and Psychosocial Stress Predict Future Tic and Obsessive-Compulsive Symptom Severity in Children and Adolescents with Tourette Syndrome and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Biological Psychiatry 2009, 67: 684-691. PMID: 19833320, PMCID: PMC2843763, DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.08.020.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdolescentAnti-Bacterial AgentsAttention Deficit Disorder with HyperactivityChildDepressive DisorderFemaleForecastingHumansLife Change EventsMaleObsessive-Compulsive DisorderPredictive Value of TestsProspective StudiesPsychologyRespiratory Tract InfectionsSeverity of Illness IndexStreptococcal InfectionsTicsTourette SyndromeConceptsDepressive symptom severityObsessive-compulsive disorderGABHS infectionPsychosocial stressTourette syndromeSymptom severityControl subjectsStreptococcal upper respiratory tract infectionUpper respiratory tract infectionBeta-hemolytic streptococcal infectionCurrent psychosocial stressRespiratory tract infectionsHealthy control subjectsProspective longitudinal studyEarly-onset obsessive-compulsive disorderMinority of childrenOC symptom severityTract infectionsStreptococcal infectionGABHS infectionsObsessive-compulsive symptom severityClinical ratingsNew infectionsClinical ratersControl status
2006
Psychosocial stress predicts future symptom severities in children and adolescents with Tourette syndrome and/or obsessive‐compulsive disorder
Lin H, Katsovich L, Ghebremichael M, Findley DB, Grantz H, Lombroso PJ, King RA, Zhang H, Leckman JF. Psychosocial stress predicts future symptom severities in children and adolescents with Tourette syndrome and/or obsessive‐compulsive disorder. Journal Of Child Psychology And Psychiatry 2006, 48: 157-166. PMID: 17300554, PMCID: PMC3073143, DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01687.x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsDepressive symptom severityFuture depressive symptomsHealthy control subjectsObsessive-compulsive disorderDepressive symptomsPsychosocial stressTourette syndromeSymptom severityControl subjectsLong-term contextual threatSeverity of ticsProspective longitudinal studyChronological ageIndependent predictorsOC symptomsTic severityOC symptom severityPsychosocial adversitySymptomsFuture symptom severityClinician ratingsSeverityParental reportsSignificant predictorsLongitudinal studyAdulthood Outcome of Tic and Obsessive-Compulsive Symptom Severity in Children With Tourette Syndrome
Bloch MH, Peterson BS, Scahill L, Otka J, Katsovich L, Zhang H, Leckman JF. Adulthood Outcome of Tic and Obsessive-Compulsive Symptom Severity in Children With Tourette Syndrome. JAMA Pediatrics 2006, 160: 65-69. PMID: 16389213, PMCID: PMC2291298, DOI: 10.1001/archpedi.160.1.65.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdolescentAdrenergic alpha-AgonistsAdultAntipsychotic AgentsAttention Deficit Disorder with HyperactivityBipolar DisorderChildDepressive DisorderFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansIntelligence TestsMaleObsessive-Compulsive DisorderProspective StudiesSchizophreniaSelective Serotonin Reuptake InhibitorsSeverity of Illness IndexTic DisordersTourette SyndromeConceptsTic symptomsTourette syndromeTic severitySymptom severityObsessive-compulsive disorderBaseline clinical measurementsChildhood-onset neuropsychiatric disorderOCD symptomsPercent of patientsProspective cohort studyPercent of subjectsOutpatient specialty clinicsThird of childrenThird of adultsAge 14 yearsStructured clinical evaluationCohort studyClinical courseComplete resolutionClinical evaluationPhonic ticsSpecialty clinicFollow-up interviewObsessive-compulsive symptom severityAverage age
2005
Increased serum levels of interleukin-12 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in Tourette’s syndrome
Leckman JF, Katsovich L, Kawikova I, Lin H, Zhang H, Krönig H, Morshed S, Parveen S, Grantz H, Lombroso PJ, King RA. Increased serum levels of interleukin-12 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in Tourette’s syndrome. Biological Psychiatry 2005, 57: 667-673. PMID: 15780855, DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.12.004.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsEarly-onset obsessive-compulsive disorderObsessive-compulsive disorderSymptom exacerbationInterleukin-12Control subjectsImmune responseTourette syndromeTumor necrosis factor-alpha concentrationsNecrosis factor-alpha concentrationsAge-matched control subjectsInvolvement of innateLocal cytokine synthesisT cell immunityHumoral immune responseCentral nervous systemInnate immune responseLongitudinal studyProspective longitudinal studyT cell activationCell immunitySerum levelsPediatric populationCommon infectionsSerum concentrationsInflammatory process
2003
Development of the Yale Children’s Global Stress Index (YCGSI) and Its Application in Children and Adolescents With Tourette’s Syndrome and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
FINDLEY DB, LECKMAN JF, KATSOVICH L, LIN H, ZHANG H, GRANTZ H, OTKA J, LOMBROSO PJ, KING RA. Development of the Yale Children’s Global Stress Index (YCGSI) and Its Application in Children and Adolescents With Tourette’s Syndrome and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Journal Of The American Academy Of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 2003, 42: 450-457. PMID: 12649632, DOI: 10.1097/01.chi.0000046816.95464.ef.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsObsessive-compulsive disorderTourette syndromeDaily Life Stressors ScalePsychosocial stressAge-matched control subjectsClinician ratingsClinical rating instrumentGlobal clinician ratingsTime pointsGlobal Stress IndexCross-sectional ratingsEarly-onset obsessive-compulsive disorderPsychometric propertiesControl subjectsClinical severityObsessive-compulsive symptom severityStudy of childrenAcceptable psychometric propertiesStress indexSymptom severitySyndromePossible differential contributionInterrater reliabilityStressor ScaleDisordersBasal Ganglia Volumes in Patients With Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome
Peterson BS, Thomas P, Kane MJ, Scahill L, Zhang H, Bronen R, King RA, Leckman JF, Staib L. Basal Ganglia Volumes in Patients With Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome. JAMA Psychiatry 2003, 60: 415-424. PMID: 12695320, DOI: 10.1001/archpsyc.60.4.415.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsBasal ganglia volumesBasal gangliaCaudate nucleus volumeTourette syndromeGanglia volumesObsessive-compulsive disorderLenticular nucleus volumesTic symptomsNucleus volumeGilles dePathophysiology of TSPrior neuroleptic exposureHealthy control subjectsSeverity of ticsComorbid obsessive-compulsive disorderGreat clinical relevanceAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptomsHyperactivity disorder symptomsRepeated-measures analysisNeuroleptic exposureControl subjectsFunctional disturbancesTrait abnormalityClinical relevanceGanglia
2000
Preliminary Findings of Antistreptococcal Antibody Titers and Basal Ganglia Volumes in Tic, Obsessive-compulsive, and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorders
Peterson BS, Leckman JF, Tucker D, Scahill L, Staib L, Zhang H, King R, Cohen DJ, Gore JC, Lombroso P. Preliminary Findings of Antistreptococcal Antibody Titers and Basal Ganglia Volumes in Tic, Obsessive-compulsive, and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorders. JAMA Psychiatry 2000, 57: 364-372. PMID: 10768698, DOI: 10.1001/archpsyc.57.4.364.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsBasal ganglia volumesAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorderAntistreptococcal antibody titersObsessive-compulsive disorderAntibody titersGanglia volumesStreptococcal infectionAntistreptococcal antibodiesPreliminary serological evidencePrior streptococcal infectionRecurrent streptococcal infectionsHyperactivity disorderPresence of ADHDBasal ganglia nucleiHigh antibody titersGlobus pallidus nucleusDSM-IV diagnosisStreptococcal exposurePallidus nucleusAntistreptolysin OOCD comorbiditySerological evidenceSusceptible personsTic disordersDiagnostic comorbidity
1998
A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Trial of an Antiandrogen in the Treatment of Tourette's Syndrome
Peterson B, Zhang H, Anderson G, Leckman J. A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Trial of an Antiandrogen in the Treatment of Tourette's Syndrome. Journal Of Clinical Psychopharmacology 1998, 18: 324-331.. PMID: 9690699, DOI: 10.1097/00004714-199808000-00013.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAndrogen receptor blockadeReceptor blockadeCrossover trialHormone levelsSyndrome patientsSelective androgen receptor antagonistAdult TS subjectsTreatment of ticsTourette syndrome patientsTic symptom severitySerious side effectsAndrogen receptor antagonistSymptom severity ratingsTS prevalenceClinic visitsFlutamide administrationEndocrine findingsObsessive-compulsive disorderReceptor antagonistAndrogen receptorPhysiologic compensationTherapeutic effectPhysiologic mechanismsSide effectsTourette syndrome
1997
Symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder
Leckman JF, Grice DE, Boardman J, Zhang H, Vitale A, Bondi C, Alsobrook J, Peterson BS, Cohen DJ, Rasmussen SA, Goodman WK, McDougle CJ, Pauls DL. Symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder. American Journal Of Psychiatry 1997, 154: 911-917. PMID: 9210740, DOI: 10.1176/ajp.154.7.911.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsObsessive-compulsive disorderMultiple psychological domainsYale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale Symptom ChecklistTypes of obsessionsCompulsive Scale Symptom ChecklistSocial relatednessPsychological domainSymptom dimensionsPrincipal component factor analysisCorrelational relationshipsSymptom ChecklistDiverse motor behaviorsMotor behaviorFactor analysisExploratory analysisVarimax rotationTreatment response studiesObsessionDisordersIndependent groupsEmotionsCognitionPerceptionSymptomsCompulsion