2021
Prior Authorization, Copayments, and Utilization of Sacubitril/Valsartan in Medicare and Commercial Plans in Patients With Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction
Ozaki AF, Krumholz HM, Mody FV, Tran TT, Le QT, Yokota M, Jackevicius CA. Prior Authorization, Copayments, and Utilization of Sacubitril/Valsartan in Medicare and Commercial Plans in Patients With Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction. Circulation Cardiovascular Quality And Outcomes 2021, 14: e007665. PMID: 34465124, DOI: 10.1161/circoutcomes.120.007665.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSacubitril/valsartanSacubitril/valsartan useInsurance plan typeReduced ejection fractionHeart failureEjection fractionValsartan useCommercial plansNew York Heart Association classPA criteriaReduced ejection fraction patientsReduced ejection fraction populationPlan typeEjection fraction patientsMedicare plansEjection fraction populationCross-sectional studyProportion of plansPrescription copaymentsAssociation classCopayment amountPrimary outcomeClinical outcomesPlan populationMore prescriptions
2018
Clinical Outcomes of Plavix and Generic Clopidogrel for Patients Hospitalized With an Acute Coronary Syndrome
Ko DT, Krumholz HM, Tu JV, Austin PC, Stukel TA, Koh M, Chong A, de Melo JF, Jackevicius CA. Clinical Outcomes of Plavix and Generic Clopidogrel for Patients Hospitalized With an Acute Coronary Syndrome. Circulation Cardiovascular Quality And Outcomes 2018, 11: e004194. PMID: 29535091, DOI: 10.1161/circoutcomes.117.004194.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAcute Coronary SyndromeAgedAged, 80 and overClopidogrelCost SavingsCost-Benefit AnalysisDatabases, FactualDrug CostsDrug SubstitutionDrugs, GenericFemaleHemorrhageHumansMaleOntarioPatient AdmissionPatient ReadmissionPlatelet Aggregation InhibitorsPurinergic P2Y Receptor AntagonistsRecurrenceRisk AssessmentRisk FactorsTime FactorsTreatment OutcomeConceptsAcute coronary syndromeGeneric clopidogrelClinical outcomesCoronary syndromePrimary outcomeRecurrent acute coronary syndromeSubstantial healthcare cost savingsPopulation-based observational studyPropensity-weighted cohortsComposite of deathTransient ischemic attackComposite end pointEffect of clopidogrelElevation myocardial infarctionHealthcare cost savingsCox proportional hazardsRate of deathIschemic attackACS hospitalizationCause readmissionBaseline characteristicsHospital dischargeRecurrent hospitalizationsMean ageMyocardial infarctionNational Trends in Nonstatin Use and Expenditures Among the US Adult Population From 2002 to 2013: Insights From Medical Expenditure Panel Survey
Salami JA, Warraich HJ, Valero‐Elizondo J, Spatz ES, Desai NR, Rana JS, Virani SS, Blankstein R, Khera A, Blaha MJ, Blumenthal RS, Katzen BT, Lloyd‐Jones D, Krumholz HM, Nasir K. National Trends in Nonstatin Use and Expenditures Among the US Adult Population From 2002 to 2013: Insights From Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. Journal Of The American Heart Association 2018, 7: e007132. PMID: 29358195, PMCID: PMC5850149, DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.007132.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchAdultAgedAtherosclerosisDatabases, FactualDrug CostsDrug PrescriptionsDyslipidemiasFemaleHealth Care SurveysHealth ExpendituresHealthcare DisparitiesHumansHydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase InhibitorsHypolipidemic AgentsLongitudinal StudiesMaleMedically UninsuredMiddle AgedPractice Patterns, Physicians'Racial GroupsRetrospective StudiesRisk FactorsSex FactorsSocioeconomic FactorsTime FactorsTreatment OutcomeUnited States
2017
Availability, cost, and prescription patterns of antihypertensive medications in primary health care in China: a nationwide cross-sectional survey
Su M, Zhang Q, Bai X, Wu C, Li Y, Mossialos E, Mensah GA, Masoudi FA, Lu J, Li X, Salas-Vega S, Zhang A, Lu Y, Nasir K, Krumholz HM, Jiang L. Availability, cost, and prescription patterns of antihypertensive medications in primary health care in China: a nationwide cross-sectional survey. The Lancet 2017, 390: 2559-2568. PMID: 29102087, DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(17)32476-5.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPrimary health care sitesNationwide cross-sectional surveyAntihypertensive medicationsPrimary health carePrescription patternsCross-sectional surveyHealth care sitesHealth centersVillage clinicsPrimary health care providersCommunity health stationsBurden of hypertensionCommunity health centersHealth careCAMS Innovation FundHealth care providersHigh-cost medicationsTownship health centersBlood pressureFamily Planning CommissionMedication costsAffordable medicationsNational HealthHealth stationsMedicationsImplications of Coronary Artery Calcium Testing for Treatment Decisions Among Statin Candidates According to the ACC/AHA Cholesterol Management Guidelines A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
Hong JC, Blankstein R, Shaw LJ, Padula WV, Arrieta A, Fialkow JA, Blumenthal RS, Blaha MJ, Krumholz HM, Nasir K. Implications of Coronary Artery Calcium Testing for Treatment Decisions Among Statin Candidates According to the ACC/AHA Cholesterol Management Guidelines A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis. JACC Cardiovascular Imaging 2017, 10: 938-952. PMID: 28797417, DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2017.04.014.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAgedAged, 80 and overAmerican Heart AssociationBayes TheoremClinical Decision-MakingComputer SimulationCoronary AngiographyCoronary Artery DiseaseCoronary VesselsCost-Benefit AnalysisDecision Support TechniquesDrug CostsFemaleGuideline AdherenceHumansHydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase InhibitorsMaleMiddle AgedModels, EconomicMonte Carlo MethodMultivariate AnalysisPractice Guidelines as TopicPredictive Value of TestsQuality of LifeQuality-Adjusted Life YearsTime FactorsTreatment OutcomeUnited StatesVascular CalcificationConceptsCoronary artery calciumQuality-adjusted life yearsStatin therapyArtery calciumLong-term statin therapyAtherosclerotic cardiovascular disease eventsCholesterol management guidelinesIncremental cost-effectiveness ratioCardiovascular disease eventsAtherosclerotic cardiovascular diseaseCost-effectiveness ratioCost-effectiveness analysisStatin candidatesCholesterol managementCardiovascular diseaseTreatment decisionsAmerican CollegeDisease eventsLifetime horizonLife yearsAmerican HeartSocietal perspectiveManagement guidelinesStatinsPatients
2016
Access to Evidence-Based Statins in Low-Cost Generic Drug Programs
Jackevicius CA, Choi K, Krumholz HM. Access to Evidence-Based Statins in Low-Cost Generic Drug Programs. Circulation Cardiovascular Quality And Outcomes 2016, 9: 785-787. PMID: 27803089, DOI: 10.1161/circoutcomes.116.002985.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchSex Differences in Financial Barriers and the Relationship to Recovery After Acute Myocardial Infarction
Beckman AL, Bucholz EM, Zhang W, Xu X, Dreyer RP, Strait KM, Spertus JA, Krumholz HM, Spatz ES. Sex Differences in Financial Barriers and the Relationship to Recovery After Acute Myocardial Infarction. Journal Of The American Heart Association 2016, 5: e003923. PMID: 27742618, PMCID: PMC5121496, DOI: 10.1161/jaha.116.003923.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultAftercareDepressionDrug CostsFemaleHealth Services AccessibilityHumansIncomeLinear ModelsMaleMedication AdherenceMiddle AgedMultivariate AnalysisMyocardial InfarctionPatient Health QuestionnaireProspective StudiesRecovery of FunctionSex FactorsSocioeconomic FactorsSpainUnited StatesConceptsAcute myocardial infarctionMyocardial infarctionFinancial barriersHealth status 12 monthsYoung adultsPost-AMI outcomesYear post-AMIYoung AMI patientsMultivariable linear regression modelsGreater depressive symptomatologyMental functional statusSex differencesClinical characteristicsYounger patientsAMI patientsPost-AMIFunctional statusWorse outcomesBaseline healthPsychosocial statusOutcomes 1Depressive symptomatologyPatientsMore womenHealth care
2014
Impact of Drug Policy on Regional Trends in Ezetimibe Use
Lu L, Krumholz HM, Tu JV, Ross JS, Ko DT, Jackevicius CA. Impact of Drug Policy on Regional Trends in Ezetimibe Use. Circulation Cardiovascular Quality And Outcomes 2014, 7: 589-596. PMID: 24895451, PMCID: PMC4222175, DOI: 10.1161/circoutcomes.114.001023.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchImpact of the ENHANCE Trial on the use of ezetimibe in the United States and Canada
Lu L, Krumholz HM, Tu JV, Ross JS, Ko DT, Jackevicius CA. Impact of the ENHANCE Trial on the use of ezetimibe in the United States and Canada. American Heart Journal 2014, 167: 683-689. PMID: 24766978, PMCID: PMC4215424, DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2014.01.014.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsUse of ezetimibeENHANCE trialEzetimibe useProgression of atherosclerosisMain outcome measuresAtherosclerosis regression trialsMonthly numberOutcome measuresRegression trialsEzetimibeIMS HealthCommon evidence baseEvidence baseTrialsUnited StatesUtilization patternsFurther investigationDifferent utilization patternsPopulationDifferent patternsUse trendsAtherosclerosisSimvastatinProgression
2011
Generic Atorvastatin and Health Care Costs
Jackevicius CA, Chou MM, Ross JS, Shah ND, Krumholz HM. Generic Atorvastatin and Health Care Costs. New England Journal Of Medicine 2011, 366: 201-204. PMID: 22149736, PMCID: PMC3319770, DOI: 10.1056/nejmp1113112.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchUse of Fibrates in the United States and Canada
Jackevicius CA, Tu JV, Ross JS, Ko DT, Carreon D, Krumholz HM. Use of Fibrates in the United States and Canada. JAMA 2011, 305: 1217-1224. PMID: 21427374, PMCID: PMC3332101, DOI: 10.1001/jama.2011.353.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsCanadaCardiovascular DiseasesCohort StudiesCosts and Cost AnalysisDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Drug CostsDrugs, GenericFenofibrateFibric AcidsHealth ExpendituresHumansHydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase InhibitorsHypolipidemic AgentsMedical AuditPractice Patterns, Physicians'PrescriptionsUnited StatesConceptsUse of fibratesRole of fibratesObservational cohort studyIMS Health dataFenofibrate useCardiovascular riskCohort studyDiabetes (ACCORD) trialClinical benefitFibratesMonthsPrescriptionUnited StatesPatientsNegative resultsFenofibrateHealth dataCurrent useGeneric formulationPopulationStatinsTherapyTrials
2007
Financial Barriers to Health Care and Outcomes After Acute Myocardial Infarction
Rahimi AR, Spertus JA, Reid KJ, Bernheim SM, Krumholz HM. Financial Barriers to Health Care and Outcomes After Acute Myocardial Infarction. JAMA 2007, 297: 1063-1072. PMID: 17356027, DOI: 10.1001/jama.297.10.1063.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAcute myocardial infarctionHealth care servicesCare servicesMyocardial infarctionCardiac rehospitalizationSAQ qualityCause rehospitalizationLife scoresFinancial barriersMulticenter US studyHealth care outcomesProspective registryBaseline prevalenceRehospitalizationHigh riskMedicationsCare outcomesWorse recoveryInfarctionPrevalenceHealth careUS studiesPatientsPoor qualityOutcomes
2005
The Complexity and Cost of Drug Regimens of Older Patients Hospitalized With Heart Failure in the United States, 1998-2001
Masoudi FA, Baillie CA, Wang Y, Bradford WD, Steiner JF, Havranek EP, Foody JM, Krumholz HM. The Complexity and Cost of Drug Regimens of Older Patients Hospitalized With Heart Failure in the United States, 1998-2001. JAMA Internal Medicine 2005, 165: 2069-2076. PMID: 16216996, DOI: 10.1001/archinte.165.18.2069.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHeart failureOlder patientsNumber of drugsDrug regimensComplex drug regimensPatients 65 yearsChronic lung diseaseNumber of dosesPrior revascularizationConcurrent prescriptionsMultiple comorbiditiesChronic medicationsElderly patientsHospital dischargeMultiple medicationsMedical therapyLung diseaseMultivariable modelDrug treatmentWhite raceMore drugsPatientsYounger ageDrugsUtilization measures
1999
Optimal clinical strategies: Considering costs and outcomes
Krumholz H. Optimal clinical strategies: Considering costs and outcomes. Journal Of Nuclear Cardiology 1999, 6: 679-681. PMID: 10608598, DOI: 10.1016/s1071-3581(99)90107-1.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchEconomics, health-related quality of life, and cost-effectiveness methods for the TACTICS (Treat Angina with Aggrastat® [tirofiban] and Determine Cost of Therapy with Invasive or Conservative Strategy)–TIMI 18 trial
Weintraub W, Culler S, Kosinski A, Becker E, Mahoney E, Burnette J, Spertus J, Feeny D, Cohen D, Krumholz H, Ellis S, Demopoulos L, Robertson D, Boccuzzi S, Barr E, Cannon C. Economics, health-related quality of life, and cost-effectiveness methods for the TACTICS (Treat Angina with Aggrastat® [tirofiban] and Determine Cost of Therapy with Invasive or Conservative Strategy)–TIMI 18 trial. The American Journal Of Cardiology 1999, 83: 317-322. PMID: 10072215, DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9149(98)00860-1.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsQuality-adjusted life yearsHealth Utilities IndexLife yearsHealth-related qualityCost-effectiveness methodsNon-Q-wave myocardial infarctionUtility indexCost-effectiveness analysisDetermine CostImpact of invasiveEconomic formsUB92 formulationHealth care costsUnstable anginaRelative value scaleMedicare conversion factorMyocardial infarctionMedicare fee scheduleDepartmental costsEconomicsExpensive formFee scheduleTACTICS-TIMI 18Care costsOutcomes of patients