Featured Publications
Clinical significance of novel 8-factor model of DSM-5 PTSD in national VA PTSD residential treatment data: Internally- v. externally-cued intrusions
Gross G, Spiller T, Duek O, Pietrzak R, Harpaz-Rotem I. Clinical significance of novel 8-factor model of DSM-5 PTSD in national VA PTSD residential treatment data: Internally- v. externally-cued intrusions. Journal Of Affective Disorders 2023, 328: 255-260. PMID: 36806596, DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.02.046.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPosttraumatic stress disorderPTSD symptomsDysphoric arousalDSM-5 posttraumatic stress disorderDSM-5 PTSD symptomsDistinct underlying processesSelf-report measuresGeneralized anxiety symptomsSuperior model fitPhysical health functioningCore defining featuresStructural equation modelingWorse emotional functioningAnxious arousalSymptoms of depressionNegative affectIntrusion symptomsGreater avoidanceEmotional functioningStress disorderAnxiety symptomsPTSD ChecklistIntrusion factorCross-sectional designGeneralized anxiety“We’ve Been Here All Along:” The Collective Resilience of Transgender and Gender Diverse U.S. Service Members
Eleazer J, Marchant L, Kizewski A, Gross G, Warren A, McCubbin L, Lab T. “We’ve Been Here All Along:” The Collective Resilience of Transgender and Gender Diverse U.S. Service Members. Psychological Services 2023, 20: 382-396. PMID: 36355662, DOI: 10.1037/ser0000721.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsExperiences of oppressionIdentity-based violenceParticipatory research designGender diverse peopleMilitary serviceMilitary policyGender identityResilience factorsCollective resilienceDiverse peopleMinority stressorsOppressionSuperordinate themesTransgenderIntersubjective factorsService membersSurvival strategiesUnited StatesSocial rejectionResilienceMilitary-specific stressorsResearch designTroopsExperienceViolence
2023
Military Sexual Trauma and its Association with Mental Health Among Sexual Minority and Heterosexual Veterans in the United States
Webermann A, Merians A, Gross G, Portnoy G, Rosen M, Pietrzak R. Military Sexual Trauma and its Association with Mental Health Among Sexual Minority and Heterosexual Veterans in the United States. LGBT Health 2023, 10: s61-s69. PMID: 37754922, DOI: 10.1089/lgbt.2023.0074.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMental health symptomsMilitary sexual traumaHealth symptomsHeterosexual veteransCurrent drug use disordersCurrent mental health symptomsCurrent posttraumatic stress disorderMultivariable logistic regressionDrug use disordersPrevalence of MSTMilitary characteristicsSexual traumaPosttraumatic stress disorderRepresentative web-based surveyHigh prevalenceUse disordersU.S. veteransWeb-based surveySociodemographic characteristicsSymptomsBivariate analysisLogistic regressionStress disorderMental healthPrevalence“The VA Was the First Place as a Trainee That I Felt Like I Had to Hide Many Parts of Myself”: Lived Experiences and Recommendations for Empowering Transgender, Nonbinary, and Gender Expansive VA Psychology Supervisors and Supervisees
Hashtpari H, Privat J, Vallario M, Gross G, Kishore S, Prelli F, Eleazer J. “The VA Was the First Place as a Trainee That I Felt Like I Had to Hide Many Parts of Myself”: Lived Experiences and Recommendations for Empowering Transgender, Nonbinary, and Gender Expansive VA Psychology Supervisors and Supervisees. Psychological Services 2023, 20: 239-247. PMID: 36892915, DOI: 10.1037/ser0000748.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPsychology training programsPsychology traineesAmerican Psychological AssociationTraining programVA health care settingPsychological AssociationPostdoctoral levelsTraining directorsSuperviseesSupervision modelSupervisorsUnique needsGender identityTraining opportunitiesClinical supervision modelExperiences of transgenderHealth care settingsTraineesExperienceGender expressionProfessional experienceLived experiencePsychologyTransgenderTraining networkRacial and ethnic mental health disparities in U.S. Military Veterans: Results from the National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study
Merians A, Gross G, Spoont M, Bellamy C, Harpaz-Rotem I, Pietrzak R. Racial and ethnic mental health disparities in U.S. Military Veterans: Results from the National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study. Journal Of Psychiatric Research 2023, 161: 71-76. PMID: 36905842, DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.03.005.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPsychiatric disordersWhite veteransNational HealthHispanic veteransMilitary veteransBlack veteransVeterans StudyLifetime major depressive disorderLifetime posttraumatic stress disorderHigh-risk subgroupsPopulation-based studyCurrent psychiatric disorderDrug use disordersMajor depressive disorderCommon psychiatric disordersEthnic differencesPopulation-based sampleCertain psychiatric disordersPopulation-based researchLower household incomeCurrent suicidal ideationPosttraumatic stress disorderRace/ethnicityU.S. military veteransMental health disparitiesUnderstanding veteran barriers to specialty outpatient PTSD clinical care
Rozek D, Steigerwald V, Baker S, Gross G, Maieritsch K, Hoff R, Harpaz-Rotem I, Smith N. Understanding veteran barriers to specialty outpatient PTSD clinical care. Journal Of Anxiety Disorders 2023, 95: 102675. PMID: 36854224, DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2023.102675.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSpecialty outpatient clinicsPosttraumatic stress disorderOutpatient clinicPTSD specialty clinicClinical characteristicsMale sexPTSD symptom severitySpecialty clinicWhite raceClinical careClinical concernTreatment engagementSymptom severityStress disorderClinicGreater likelihoodVeteransSignificant minorityTreatmentImpact of demographicsMulti-faceted barriersCareFiscal year 2019DemographicsNational sampleThe Effect of Military Sexual Trauma on Competitive Employment Status Following Veterans Health Administration Supported Employment Services
Gross GM, Kaczynski R, Resnick S. The Effect of Military Sexual Trauma on Competitive Employment Status Following Veterans Health Administration Supported Employment Services. Psychological Services 2023, 20: 196-201. PMID: 35225642, DOI: 10.1037/ser0000635.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMilitary sexual traumaVeterans Health AdministrationHigh-risk groupEffects of MSTMental health treatmentSexual traumaCompetitive employmentElectronic health recordsMST screenMedical comorbiditiesAdjusted analysisPsychiatric comorbiditySupported Employment ServicesMedical recordsTrauma-informed careMST historyHealth treatmentHealth AdministrationHealth recordsCompetitive employment outcomesLower likelihoodTreatment planningComorbiditiesVeteransTrauma
2022
Treatment utilization and modality preference among veterans receiving outpatient substance use disorder treatment during a pandemic
Meshberg‐Cohen S, Farook M, Gross G, Levina V, DeViva J. Treatment utilization and modality preference among veterans receiving outpatient substance use disorder treatment during a pandemic. American Journal On Addictions 2022, 32: 32-39. PMID: 36286598, DOI: 10.1111/ajad.13347.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAlcohol use disorderTreatment modalitiesUse disordersClinical variablesCOVID-19Outpatient substance use disorder treatmentElectronic medical record dataSubstance use disorder treatmentTreatment utilization patternsMain treatment modalityRetrospective electronic medical record dataEmergency room visitsOpioid use disorderPsychiatric emergency room visitsMedical record dataUse disorder treatmentUtilization patternsCocaine use disorderBinary logistic regressionRoom visitsSUD diagnosisTelephone appointmentsTreatment utilizationChi-square analysisNumber of visitsComparative effectiveness of group v. individual trauma-focused treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder in veterans
Spiller TR, Duek O, Buta E, Gross G, Smith NB, Harpaz-Rotem I. Comparative effectiveness of group v. individual trauma-focused treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder in veterans. Psychological Medicine 2022, 53: 4561-4568. PMID: 35959560, PMCID: PMC10388318, DOI: 10.1017/s0033291722001441.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsGroup cognitive processing therapyCognitive processing therapyPosttraumatic stress disorderIndividual cognitive processing therapyPTSD symptom severitySymptom severityStress disorderReal-world effectivenessComparative effectiveness studiesResidential treatmentEffective treatmentComparative effectivenessVeterans AffairsEffectiveness studiesPTSD ChecklistPTSD severityGroup therapySeverityVeteransTreatmentDSM-5Group V.TherapyDisordersSmall reductionRisk for PTSD symptom worsening during new PTSD treatment episode in a nationally representative sample of treatment-seeking U.S. veterans with subthreshold PTSD
Gross GM, Pietrzak RH, Hoff RA, Katz IR, Harpaz-Rotem I. Risk for PTSD symptom worsening during new PTSD treatment episode in a nationally representative sample of treatment-seeking U.S. veterans with subthreshold PTSD. Journal Of Psychiatric Research 2022, 151: 304-310. PMID: 35526446, DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.04.040.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSymptom worseningRisk factorsSubthreshold PTSDPTSD symptom clustersSymptom clustersPTSD symptomsHealth care utilizationPTSD specialty clinicPoor treatment outcomesUnited States veteransBinary logistic regressionAdjusted analysisCare utilizationTreatment episodesRepresentative sampleSpecialty clinicSignificant symptomsTreatment outcomesSignificant worseningStates veteransSubthreshold symptomsEligible veteransNew episodesOutcome assessmentDiagnostic threshold
2021
Applying Organizational Change Theory to Address the Long-Standing Problem of Harassment in Medical Education
Stacy M, Gross G, Adams L. Applying Organizational Change Theory to Address the Long-Standing Problem of Harassment in Medical Education. Teaching And Learning In Medicine 2021, 34: 313-321. PMID: 34493134, DOI: 10.1080/10401334.2021.1954523.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsOrganizational change theoryCulture changePrevalence of harassmentChange theoryFormalized policiesCultural changeEducation systemHarassmentChange management modelADKAR modelOrganizational culture changeTypical focusCommon experiencePolicyEducationMost literatureMedical cultureMedical education systemEvaluative natureSufficient impactArticleSignificant consequencesManagement modelReformChange readinessBinge drinking following residential treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder among veterans with and without alcohol use disorder
Meshberg-Cohen S, Gross GM, Kachadourian LK, Harpaz-Rotem I. Binge drinking following residential treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder among veterans with and without alcohol use disorder. Journal Of Psychiatric Research 2021, 143: 202-208. PMID: 34500350, DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.09.024.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPosttraumatic stress disorderMilitary sexual traumaAlcohol use disorderPTSD symptom improvementResidential treatmentBinge drinkingStress disorderPTSD symptom changeResidential PTSD treatmentPTSD symptom decreaseUse disordersBinge drinking daysAlcohol-related variablesPTSD treatmentTrauma typesSexual traumaProblematic drinkingCombat exposureDrinking outcomesSymptom changeGreater likelihoodSymptom improvementBingeSymptom decreaseAlcohol useRacial Disparities in Clinical Outcomes of Veterans Affairs Residential PTSD Treatment Between Black and White Veterans
Gross GM, Smith N, Holliday R, Rozek DC, Hoff R, Harpaz-Rotem I. Racial Disparities in Clinical Outcomes of Veterans Affairs Residential PTSD Treatment Between Black and White Veterans. Psychiatric Services 2021, 73: 126-132. PMID: 34369806, DOI: 10.1176/appi.ps.202000783.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsResidential Rehabilitation Treatment ProgramPosttraumatic stress disorderWhite veteransRacial disparitiesClinical outcomesBlack veteransSymptoms of PTSDPoor clinical outcomeRehabilitation treatment programRecurrence 4 monthsPoor treatment outcomesMental health treatmentPublic health issuePTSD symptom reductionResidential PTSD treatmentMental health researchTreatment outcomesPrevalence ratesSymptom reductionHealth treatmentHealth outcomesPTSD treatmentDemographic dataSymptom changeTreatment program
2020
Patient and provider barriers, facilitators, and implementation preferences of intimate partner violence perpetration screening
Portnoy GA, Colon R, Gross GM, Adams LJ, Bastian LA, Iverson KM. Patient and provider barriers, facilitators, and implementation preferences of intimate partner violence perpetration screening. BMC Health Services Research 2020, 20: 746. PMID: 32791967, PMCID: PMC7424651, DOI: 10.1186/s12913-020-05595-7.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsIntimate partner violenceImplementation preferencesIntimate Partner Violence PerpetrationPartner violence perpetrationIPV experiencesProvider barriersPartner violenceQualitative interviewsViolence perpetrationVHA healthcareVeterans Health Administration patientsWay of screeningIPV useUnderstudied aspectSelf-report screening toolContent analysisHealthcare responseStrong rapportProfessional disciplinesComprehensive processSubstantial prevalenceVHA providersFacilitatorsClinical practiceProviders' beliefsAssociation of Multidimensional Schizotypy With Psychotic-Like Experiences, Affect, and Social Functioning in Daily Life: Comparable Findings Across Samples and Schizotypy Measures
Kwapil T, Kemp K, Mielock A, Sperry S, Chun C, Gross G, Barrantes-Vidal N. Association of Multidimensional Schizotypy With Psychotic-Like Experiences, Affect, and Social Functioning in Daily Life: Comparable Findings Across Samples and Schizotypy Measures. Journal Of Psychopathology And Clinical Science 2020, 129: 492-504. PMID: 32250141, DOI: 10.1037/abn0000522.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPsychotic-like experiencesPositive schizotypyPositive affectNegative affectSchizotypy measuresSocial functioningSchizophrenia-spectrum psychopathologyDaily lifeAssessment of schizotypyNegative schizotypyMultidimensional schizotypySocial disinterestDaily life experiencesSchizotypyAffectMultidimensional modelNegative experiencesHypothesized patternConstruct validityESM questionnairesLife experiencesReal-world settingFunctioningUseful frameworkDifferent measuresPerceived Stress Mediates the Association between Deployment Sexual Trauma and Nicotine Dependence in Women Veterans
Gross GM, Colon R, Bastian LA, Hoff R. Perceived Stress Mediates the Association between Deployment Sexual Trauma and Nicotine Dependence in Women Veterans. Women's Health Issues 2020, 30: 214-220. PMID: 32317136, DOI: 10.1016/j.whi.2020.03.001.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsNicotine dependenceWomen veteransSexual traumaBaseline interview dataRates of smokingCross-sectional associationsRelated health consequencesDeleterious health outcomesPerceived stressMilitary sexual traumaRisk factorsTobacco useHayes mediation modelHealth outcomesClinical targetsHealth consequencesTraumaVeteran sampleSmokingVeteransAssociationPresent studySurvey of experiencesCivilian counterpartsSignificant mediatorAberrant salience predicts psychotic-like experiences in daily life: An experience sampling study
Chun C, Gross G, Mielock A, Kwapil T. Aberrant salience predicts psychotic-like experiences in daily life: An experience sampling study. Schizophrenia Research 2020, 220: 218-224. PMID: 32249121, DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2020.03.016.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchDifferential Item Functioning of the Multidimensional Schizotypy Scale and Multidimensional Scale-Brief Across Ethnicity
Li L, Meyer M, Martin E, Gross G, Kwapil T, Cicero D. Differential Item Functioning of the Multidimensional Schizotypy Scale and Multidimensional Scale-Brief Across Ethnicity. Psychological Assessment 2020, 32: 383-393. PMID: 31944793, DOI: 10.1037/pas0000798.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMultidimensional Schizotypy ScaleSoutheast AsiansDiminished formEast AsiansSchizotypy scalesDifferential itemBrief versionEthnic groupsMSS measuresUnited StatesMultiracialBRIEF subscalesFuture researchUndergraduate participantsWhite participantsVariety of populationsAsiansSchizotypyLatent levelPersonality InventoryDiverse groupPsychometric propertiesValidity coefficientsPsychoticism scaleSame constructSex Differences in Military Sexual Trauma and Severe Self-Directed Violence
Gross GM, Ronzitti S, Combellick JL, Decker SE, Mattocks KM, Hoff RA, Haskell SG, Brandt CA, Goulet JL. Sex Differences in Military Sexual Trauma and Severe Self-Directed Violence. American Journal Of Preventive Medicine 2020, 58: 675-682. PMID: 32037020, DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2019.12.006.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMilitary sexual traumaSelf-directed violenceSexual traumaWomen veteransCox proportional hazards regression modelVeterans Health Administration (VHA) careProportional hazards regression modelsHazards regression modelsOperations Enduring Freedom/Iraqi Freedom/New Dawn veteransPsychiatric morbidityNew Dawn veteransSuicide attemptsBivariate analysisPreventative effortsTraumaWomenMenSex differencesVeteransRiskRegression modelsDemographic variablesSevere selfHospitalizationMorbiditySex Differences in Associations Between Depression and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms and Tobacco Use Among Veterans of Recent Conflicts
Gross GM, Bastian LA, Smith NB, Harpaz-Rotem I, Hoff R. Sex Differences in Associations Between Depression and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms and Tobacco Use Among Veterans of Recent Conflicts. Journal Of Women's Health 2020, 29: 677-685. PMID: 31934813, DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2019.8082.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPosttraumatic stress disorderTobacco usePTSD symptomsFemale veteransSex differencesAssociation of depressionTobacco use cessationBaseline interview dataCross-sectional associationsMental health conditionsLogistic regression modelsPosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomsBinary logistic regression modelSex-specific barriersTobacco usersSymptomsStress disorderAlcohol useHealth conditionsDepressionDisorder symptomsVeteran sampleMH conditionsIntervention strategiesEffects of demographics