Tissue engineering advances in spine surgery
Makhni MC, Caldwell JM, Saifi C, Fischer CR, Lehman RA, Lenke LG, Lee FY. Tissue engineering advances in spine surgery. Regenerative Medicine 2016, 11: 211-222. PMID: 26877156, DOI: 10.2217/rme.16.3.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTissue-engineered bone graftsBiomimetic 3D scaffoldsTissue-engineered constructsBone graftTissue engineering advancesDonor site painNanoscale technologiesSite painEngineering advancesHematoma formationVascular injurySpine surgeryBone graftingBone allograftSurgery applicationsMesenchymal stem cellsTissue graftViable boneIntervertebral disc regeneration strategiesHuman tissue graftsGraftGold standardOsteoinductive capabilityDisease transmissionOwn disadvantages