2014
Insights from Neuroenergetics into the Interpretation of Functional Neuroimaging: An Alternative Empirical Model for Studying the Brain's Support of Behavior
Shulman RG, Hyder F, Rothman DL. Insights from Neuroenergetics into the Interpretation of Functional Neuroimaging: An Alternative Empirical Model for Studying the Brain's Support of Behavior. Cerebrovascular And Brain Metabolism Reviews 2014, 34: 1721-1735. PMID: 25160670, PMCID: PMC4269754, DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2014.145.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsFunctional magnetic resonance imagingMagnetic resonance imagingNeuronal activityMental moduleObservable behaviorBrain activityDistinct psychological mechanismsResonance imagingBaseline neuronal activityPositron emission tomography (PET) imagingEmission Tomography ImagingPsychological mechanismsMental processesFunctional neuroimagingBrain supportAwake humansAlternative empirical modelsNeurophysiological parametersBaseline activityTomography imagingTheoretical assumptionsSensory systemsIncremental signalNeuroimagingElectrical recordings
2001
Cerebral energetics and the glycogen shunt: Neurochemical basis of functional imaging
Shulman R, Hyder F, Rothman D. Cerebral energetics and the glycogen shunt: Neurochemical basis of functional imaging. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America 2001, 98: 6417-6422. PMID: 11344262, PMCID: PMC33483, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.101129298.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsLactate concentrationBrain activationBrain lactate concentrationCerebral blood flowAdult mammalian brainBasal glucose oxidationPositron emission tomographyGlucose oxidationGlucose indexCerebral energeticsFunctional imaging dataNeurophysiological valuesBlood flowGlucose metabolismNeurotransmitter clearanceNeurochemical basisLactate effluxMammalian brainBasal physiological conditionsNeurotransmitter releaseAnaerobic glucose metabolismFunctional imagingComplete dataBrain activityMetabolic consumption rate
1999
In vivo nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies of the relationship between the glutamate--glutamine neurotransmitter cycle and functional neuroenergetics
Rothman D, Sibson N, Hyder F, Shen J, Behar K, Shulman R. In vivo nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies of the relationship between the glutamate--glutamine neurotransmitter cycle and functional neuroenergetics. Philosophical Transactions Of The Royal Society B Biological Sciences 1999, 354: 1165-1177. PMID: 10466144, PMCID: PMC1692640, DOI: 10.1098/rstb.1999.0472.Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus StatementsConceptsGlutamate-glutamine cycleNerve terminalsNeurotransmitter cycleGlucose metabolismBlood oxygenation level-dependent magnetic resonance imagingLevel-dependent magnetic resonance imagingBrain glucose oxidationCortical glucose metabolismMagnetic resonance spectroscopy studyCortex of ratsMagnetic resonance imagingFunctional imaging studiesSpecific neuronal activityOxidative glucose metabolismGlial cellsNeuronal activityResonance imagingImaging studiesHuman cortexBrain functionBrain activityRatsCortexGlucose oxidationGlutamate
1997
“Willed action”: A functional MRI study of the human prefrontal cortex during a sensorimotor task
Hyder F, Phelps E, Wiggins C, Labar K, Blamire A, Shulman R. “Willed action”: A functional MRI study of the human prefrontal cortex during a sensorimotor task. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America 1997, 94: 6989-6994. PMID: 9192679, PMCID: PMC21272, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.94.13.6989.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsDorsolateral prefrontal cortexPrefrontal cortexVerbal fluency taskFunctional MRISensorimotor tasksPositron emission tomography studyLeft dorsolateral prefrontal cortexEmission tomography studiesFunctional MRI studyFluency taskWilled actionHuman prefrontal cortexHealthy subjectsPET resultsMRI studiesBilateral activationCoronal slicesPET studiesTomography studyCortexFMRI dataFMRI studyActivation fociBrain activityHuman brain activity