Featured Publications
Individualising intensive systolic blood pressure reduction in hypertension using computational trial phenomaps and machine learning: a post-hoc analysis of randomised clinical trials
Oikonomou EK, Spatz ES, Suchard MA, Khera R. Individualising intensive systolic blood pressure reduction in hypertension using computational trial phenomaps and machine learning: a post-hoc analysis of randomised clinical trials. The Lancet Digital Health 2022, 4: e796-e805. PMID: 36307193, PMCID: PMC9768739, DOI: 10.1016/s2589-7500(22)00170-4.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSystolic blood pressure controlBlood pressure controlIntensive systolic blood pressure controlType 2 diabetesPressure controlCardiovascular benefitsClinical trialsMajor adverse cardiovascular eventsFirst major adverse cardiovascular eventLarge randomised clinical trialsACCORD-BP trialAdverse cardiovascular eventsRandomised clinical trialsSystolic blood pressureCox regression analysisTreatment effectsHazard ratio estimatesACCORD-BPBP trialCardiovascular eventsBlood pressurePrimary outcomeStandard treatmentBaseline variablesIndex patientsPerivascular Fat Attenuation Index Stratifies Cardiac Risk Associated With High-Risk Plaques in the CRISP-CT Study
Oikonomou EK, Desai MY, Marwan M, Kotanidis CP, Antonopoulos AS, Schottlander D, Channon KM, Neubauer S, Achenbach S, Antoniades C. Perivascular Fat Attenuation Index Stratifies Cardiac Risk Associated With High-Risk Plaques in the CRISP-CT Study. Journal Of The American College Of Cardiology 2020, 76: 755-757. PMID: 32762910, DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.05.078.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchA novel machine learning-derived radiotranscriptomic signature of perivascular fat improves cardiac risk prediction using coronary CT angiography
Oikonomou EK, Williams MC, Kotanidis CP, Desai MY, Marwan M, Antonopoulos AS, Thomas KE, Thomas S, Akoumianakis I, Fan LM, Kesavan S, Herdman L, Alashi A, Centeno EH, Lyasheva M, Griffin BP, Flamm SD, Shirodaria C, Sabharwal N, Kelion A, Dweck MR, Van Beek EJR, Deanfield J, Hopewell JC, Neubauer S, Channon KM, Achenbach S, Newby DE, Antoniades C. A novel machine learning-derived radiotranscriptomic signature of perivascular fat improves cardiac risk prediction using coronary CT angiography. European Heart Journal 2019, 40: 3529-3543. PMID: 31504423, PMCID: PMC6855141, DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz592.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPerivascular adipose tissueFat attenuation indexCoronary CT angiographyCardiac risk predictionCoronary perivascular adipose tissueMajor adverse cardiac eventsCT angiographyRisk predictionHigh-risk plaque featuresPerivascular fat attenuation indexRadiomic featuresAdverse cardiac eventsConsecutive eligible participantsSCOT-HEART trialTraditional risk stratificationCoronary artery diseaseCoronary calcium scoreStandard coronary CT angiographyAcute myocardial infarctionCoronary inflammationCardiac eventsArtery diseaseCalcium scoreCardiac surgeryMACE predictionNon-invasive detection of coronary inflammation using computed tomography and prediction of residual cardiovascular risk (the CRISP CT study): a post-hoc analysis of prospective outcome data
Oikonomou EK, Marwan M, Desai MY, Mancio J, Alashi A, Centeno E, Thomas S, Herdman L, Kotanidis CP, Thomas KE, Griffin BP, Flamm SD, Antonopoulos AS, Shirodaria C, Sabharwal N, Deanfield J, Neubauer S, Hopewell JC, Channon KM, Achenbach S, Antoniades C. Non-invasive detection of coronary inflammation using computed tomography and prediction of residual cardiovascular risk (the CRISP CT study): a post-hoc analysis of prospective outcome data. The Lancet 2018, 392: 929-939. PMID: 30170852, PMCID: PMC6137540, DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(18)31114-0.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdipocytesAdipose TissueAdolescentAdultAgedAged, 80 and overComputed Tomography AngiographyCoronary AngiographyCoronary Artery DiseaseCoronary VesselsFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansImaging, Three-DimensionalMaleMiddle AgedPlaque, AtheroscleroticPredictive Value of TestsProportional Hazards ModelsProspective StudiesRisk AssessmentSurvival AnalysisYoung AdultConceptsRight coronary arteryProximal right coronary arteryCardiac mortalityCoronary inflammationCoronary CTACoronary arteryDerivation cohortValidation cohortOutcome dataHealth Research Oxford Biomedical Research CentreCoronary artery disease indexHigh-risk plaque featuresPerivascular fat attenuation indexCoronary artery inflammationFat attenuation indexIntensive secondary preventionCardiovascular risk factorsResidual cardiovascular riskProspective outcome dataMajor coronary arteriesHounsfield unitsLeft circumflex arteryCox regression modelRisk predictionCardiac risk prediction
2023
Use of Wearable Devices in Individuals With or at Risk for Cardiovascular Disease in the US, 2019 to 2020
Dhingra L, Aminorroaya A, Oikonomou E, Nargesi A, Wilson F, Krumholz H, Khera R. Use of Wearable Devices in Individuals With or at Risk for Cardiovascular Disease in the US, 2019 to 2020. JAMA Network Open 2023, 6: e2316634. PMID: 37285157, PMCID: PMC10248745, DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.16634.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHealth Information National Trends SurveyUS adultsExacerbate disparitiesWearable device usersCardiovascular diseaseCardiovascular healthPopulation-based cross-sectional studySelf-reported cardiovascular diseaseCardiovascular disease risk factorsNational Trends SurveyOverall US adult populationCardiovascular risk factor profileSelf-reported accessAssociated with lower useUse of wearable devicesImprove cardiovascular healthLower household incomeLower educational attainmentUS adult populationRisk factor profileNationally representative sampleCross-sectional studyProportion of adultsTrends SurveyWearable device data
2022
Phenomapping-Derived Tool to Individualize the Effect of Canagliflozin on Cardiovascular Risk in Type 2 Diabetes.
Oikonomou EK, Suchard MA, McGuire DK, Khera R. Phenomapping-Derived Tool to Individualize the Effect of Canagliflozin on Cardiovascular Risk in Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2022, 45: 965-974. PMID: 35120199, PMCID: PMC9016734, DOI: 10.2337/dc21-1765.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCanagliflozin Cardiovascular Assessment StudyMajor adverse cardiovascular eventsType 2 diabetesHazard ratioSodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitorsCardiovascular disease benefitAdverse cardiovascular eventsCotransporter 2 inhibitorsEffects of canagliflozinCanagliflozin dosesCanagliflozin's effectsCardiovascular eventsCardiovascular riskPatients 5Cardioprotective effectsSGLT2 inhibitorsDisease benefitBaseline variablesOriginal trialCanagliflozinType 2DiabetesPatientsRisk estimatesEffect estimatesThe impact of induction therapy on mortality and treated rejection in cardiac transplantation: A retrospective study
Bellumkonda L, Oikonomou EK, Hsueh C, Maulion C, Testani J, Patel J. The impact of induction therapy on mortality and treated rejection in cardiac transplantation: A retrospective study. The Journal Of Heart And Lung Transplantation 2022, 41: 482-491. PMID: 35094919, DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2022.01.008.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsInduction therapyCause mortalityOutcome measuresLeft ventricular assist device therapyT-cell depleting agentsVentricular assist device therapyDual organ transplantsRoutine induction therapySecondary outcome measuresTime of transplantationPrimary outcome measureCox regression modelPropensity score adjustmentRisk of rejectionPrior transplantCardiac transplantationHeart transplantationUNOS databaseAdult patientsOverall survivalDevice therapyMedian ageRetrospective studyReceptor antagonistReduced odds
2021
Standardized measurement of coronary inflammation using cardiovascular computed tomography: integration in clinical care as a prognostic medical device
Oikonomou EK, Antonopoulos AS, Schottlander D, Marwan M, Mathers C, Tomlins P, Siddique M, Klüner LV, Shirodaria C, Mavrogiannis MC, Thomas S, Fava A, Deanfield J, Channon KM, Neubauer S, Desai MY, Achenbach S, Antoniades C. Standardized measurement of coronary inflammation using cardiovascular computed tomography: integration in clinical care as a prognostic medical device. Cardiovascular Research 2021, 117: 2677-2690. PMID: 34450625, DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab286.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdipose TissueAdiposityAdolescentAdultAgedAged, 80 and overAlgorithmsCloud ComputingComputed Tomography AngiographyCoronary AngiographyCoronary Artery DiseaseCoronary VesselsDecision Support TechniquesEnglandFemaleGermanyHeart Disease Risk FactorsHumansInflammationMaleMiddle AgedNomogramsOhioPredictive Value of TestsPrognosisRisk AssessmentTime FactorsYoung AdultConceptsFat attenuation indexPerivascular fat attenuation indexRisk factor-based modelCoronary artery inflammationClinical risk factorsFatal cardiac eventsCoronary artery diseaseCoronary inflammationRisk factorsFAI scorePlaque metricsCardiac eventsArtery inflammationAbsolute riskCoronary arteryClinical careNon-invasive detectionTraditional cardiovascular risk factorsPatient's absolute riskCardiovascular risk factorsFat compositionNet clinical benefitCardiovascular risk predictionDecision curve analysisFirst-line modalityImpaired Myocardial Flow Reserve on 82Rubidium Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography in Patients With Systemic Sclerosis.
Feher A, Boutagy NE, Oikonomou EK, Thorn S, Liu YH, Miller EJ, Sinusas AJ, Hinchcliff M. Impaired Myocardial Flow Reserve on 82Rubidium Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography in Patients With Systemic Sclerosis. The Journal Of Rheumatology 2021, 48: 1574-1582. PMID: 34266986, PMCID: PMC10275580, DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.210040.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsReduced Myocardial Flow ReserveMyocardial flow reserveRaynaud's phenomenonPrimary Raynaud's phenomenonSecondary Raynaud's phenomenonPatient controlsHealthy participantsFlow reservePositron Emission Tomography/Computed TomographyEmission Tomography/Computed TomographyTomography/Computed TomographyPositron emission tomography/Impaired Myocardial Flow ReserveCoronary microvascular dysfunctionLarge prospective studiesMultivariable logistic regressionEmission tomography/PET/CTSSc-RPMicrovascular dysfunctionClinical predictorsIndependent predictorsSystemic sclerosisPrognostic valueProspective study
2019
Association of Biologic Therapy With Coronary Inflammation in Patients With Psoriasis as Assessed by Perivascular Fat Attenuation Index
Elnabawi YA, Oikonomou EK, Dey AK, Mancio J, Rodante JA, Aksentijevich M, Choi H, Keel A, Erb-Alvarez J, Teague HL, Joshi AA, Playford MP, Lockshin B, Choi AD, Gelfand JM, Chen MY, Bluemke DA, Shirodaria C, Antoniades C, Mehta NN. Association of Biologic Therapy With Coronary Inflammation in Patients With Psoriasis as Assessed by Perivascular Fat Attenuation Index. JAMA Cardiology 2019, 4: 885-891. PMID: 31365032, PMCID: PMC6669789, DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio.2019.2589.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPerivascular fat attenuation indexFat attenuation indexBiologic psoriasis therapyBiologic therapyCoronary inflammationSevere psoriasisPsoriasis therapyCoronary plaquesSkin diseasesAnti-tumor necrosis factor αChronic inflammatory skin diseaseDifferent biologic agentsTraditional risk scoresCoronary plaque burdenLow cardiovascular riskProspective cohort studyAnti-inflammatory effectsCoronary artery diseaseInflammatory skin diseaseCoronary atherosclerotic plaquesNecrosis factor αSevere skin diseaseCardiovascular eventsCardiovascular riskCohort studyDevelopment of a risk score for early saphenous vein graft failure: An individual patient data meta-analysis
Antonopoulos AS, Odutayo A, Oikonomou EK, Trivella M, Petrou M, Collins GS, Antoniades C, group S, Akoumianakis I, Channon K, Herdman L, Margaritis M, Neubauer S, Thomas S, Fremes S, Karkhanis R, Rade J, Fukui T, Nishida H, Takanashi S, Hwang H, Kim K, Mannacio L, Mannacio V, Nakano J, Perrault L, Kardos A, Okabayashi H, Tousoulis D, Kelion A, Sabharwal N, Krasopoulos G, Sayeed R, Taggart D. Development of a risk score for early saphenous vein graft failure: An individual patient data meta-analysis. Journal Of Thoracic And Cardiovascular Surgery 2019, 160: 116-127.e4. PMID: 31606176, PMCID: PMC7322547, DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2019.07.086.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsEarly SVG occlusionIndividual patient dataSVG occlusionRisk scoreValidation cohortEarly saphenous vein graft failureEarly saphenous vein graft occlusionSaphenous vein graft failureSaphenous vein graft occlusionAggressive treatment strategiesPatient dataVein graft occlusionNovel risk scoreVein graft failureRisk score systemGraft failureGraft occlusionOperative characteristicsTreatment strategiesIndividualized riskOperative factorsScore systemOcclusionExternal validationCohortThe Prognostic Role of Late Gadolinium Enhancement in Aortic Stenosis A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Papanastasiou CA, Kokkinidis DG, Kampaktsis PN, Bikakis I, Cunha DK, Oikonomou EK, Greenwood JP, Garcia MJ, Karamitsos TD. The Prognostic Role of Late Gadolinium Enhancement in Aortic Stenosis A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JACC Cardiovascular Imaging 2019, 13: 385-392. PMID: 31326491, DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2019.03.029.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsLate gadolinium enhancementAortic stenosisCardiac magnetic resonanceCause mortalityGadolinium enhancementLGE-CMRSystematic reviewA Systematic ReviewStrongest univariate predictorsRandom-effects modelBaseline characteristicsHazard ratioPrognostic roleRisk stratificationAdverse outcomesPrognostic valueUnivariate predictorsPooled analysisMyocardial fibrosisInclusion criteriaCardiac diseaseRegional fibrosisPatientsElectronic databasesMeta-Analysis
2018
Development and Validation of a Clinical Score for Cardiovascular Risk Stratification of Long‐Term Childhood Cancer Survivors
Oikonomou EK, Athanasopoulou SG, Kampaktsis PN, Kokkinidis DG, Papanastasiou CA, Feher A, Steingart RM, Oeffinger KC, Gupta D. Development and Validation of a Clinical Score for Cardiovascular Risk Stratification of Long‐Term Childhood Cancer Survivors. The Oncologist 2018, 23: 965-973. PMID: 29593100, PMCID: PMC6156177, DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2017-0502.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsLong-term childhood cancer survivorsChildhood cancer survivorsCardiovascular risk stratificationCardiovascular mortalityCancer survivorsRisk scoreCardiovascular riskRisk stratificationRisk of CVMTreatment-related adverse eventsAdverse cardiovascular eventsRisk stratification toolSimple risk scoreCongestive heart failureCumulative incidence rateEnd Results ProgramMedian time periodPopulation-based studyHistory of lymphomaHigh-risk groupLow-risk groupSimple clinical toolHistory of radiationNon-white raceHealth care providersThe predictive value of baseline pulmonary hypertension in early and long term cardiac and all-cause mortality after transcatheter aortic valve implantation for patients with severe aortic valve stenosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Kokkinidis DG, Papanastasiou CA, Jonnalagadda AK, Oikonomou EK, Theochari CA, Palaiodimos L, Karvounis HI, Armstrong EJ, Faillace RT, Giannakoulas G. The predictive value of baseline pulmonary hypertension in early and long term cardiac and all-cause mortality after transcatheter aortic valve implantation for patients with severe aortic valve stenosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cardiovascular Revascularization Medicine 2018, 19: 859-867. PMID: 29724516, DOI: 10.1016/j.carrev.2018.03.015.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTranscatheter aortic valve implantationElevated pulmonary artery pressurePulmonary artery pressureAortic valve stenosisSevere aortic valve stenosisSurgical aortic valve replacementBaseline pulmonary hypertensionPulmonary hypertensionAortic valve implantationArtery pressureCause mortalityHazard ratioSystematic reviewValve implantationValve stenosisRelative riskAssociation of PHBaseline pulmonary artery pressurePulmonary artery systolic pressureChronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseAortic valve replacementLate cardiac mortalityObstructive pulmonary diseaseRandom-effects modelMeta-regression analysis
2017
Pregnancy associated plasma protein-A as a prognostic biomarker of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events in patients presenting with chest pain: a systematic review
Papanastasiou CA, Kokkinidis DG, Oikonomou EK, Mantziaris VG, Foley TR, Karamitsos TD, Waldo SW, Armstrong EJ. Pregnancy associated plasma protein-A as a prognostic biomarker of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events in patients presenting with chest pain: a systematic review. Biomarkers 2017, 23: 1-9. PMID: 29144175, DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2017.1397194.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsIschemic chest painChest painCardiovascular eventsAdverse eventsShort-term adverse eventsShort-term risk stratificationAdverse cardiovascular eventsAcute coronary syndromeGroup of patientsIdentification of patientsStandardized clinical studiesElectronic databases MEDLINEFuture adverse eventsPlasma proteinsCause mortalityCoronary syndromeIschemic originRisk stratificationPrognostic valueCochrane LibraryPatient populationClinical studiesInclusion criteriaPrognostic biomarkerPainVascular inflammation and metabolic activity in hematopoietic organs and liver in familial combined hyperlipidemia and heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia
Toutouzas K, Skoumas J, Koutagiar I, Benetos G, Pianou N, Georgakopoulos A, Galanakos S, Antonopoulos A, Drakopoulou M, Oikonomou EK, Kafouris P, Athanasiadis E, Metaxas M, Spyrou G, Pallantza Z, Galiatsatos N, Aggeli C, Antoniades C, Keramida G, Peters AM, Anagnostopoulos CD, Tousoulis D. Vascular inflammation and metabolic activity in hematopoietic organs and liver in familial combined hyperlipidemia and heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. Journal Of Clinical Lipidology 2017, 12: 33-43. PMID: 29174439, DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2017.10.019.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultBiomarkersBone MarrowCase-Control StudiesC-Reactive ProteinFemaleHeterozygoteHumansHydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase InhibitorsHyperlipidemia, Familial CombinedHyperlipoproteinemia Type IIInflammationLipoproteins, LDLLiverMaleMiddle AgedPositron Emission Tomography Computed TomographySpleenConceptsHeFH patientsFDG uptakeAortic TBRVascular inflammationBone marrowFamilial dyslipidemiaHigher low-density lipoprotein levelsF-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/High-sensitivity C-reactive proteinBone marrow FDG uptakeLow-density lipoprotein levelsPositron emission tomography/C-reactive proteinHigh FDG uptakeHeterozygous familial hypercholesterolemiaLow-density lipoproteinHepatic metabolic activityHematopoietic organsHigh liver uptakeDyslipidemic groupAdult patientsCardiovascular riskInflammatory biomarkersSerum lipidsAccelerated atherogenesisEfficacy of ganglionated plexi ablation in addition to pulmonary vein isolation for paroxysmal versus persistent atrial fibrillation: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials
Kampaktsis PN, Oikonomou EK, Y. Choi D, Cheung JW. Efficacy of ganglionated plexi ablation in addition to pulmonary vein isolation for paroxysmal versus persistent atrial fibrillation: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials. Journal Of Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology 2017, 50: 253-260. PMID: 28887742, DOI: 10.1007/s10840-017-0285-z.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPulmonary vein isolationAT/AFGP ablationAtrial fibrillationPV isolationVein isolationPlexi ablationAF patientsAtrial tachyarrhythmiasSubtype of AFSignificant structural heart diseaseParoxysmal AF patientsVentricular ejection fractionParoxysmal atrial fibrillationPersistent atrial fibrillationStructural heart diseaseSustained atrial fibrillationPersistent AF patientsClinical trial dataNon-significant trendPrimary endpointAF subtypesAtrial sizeEjection fractionHeart diseasePredictive value of telomere length on outcome following acute myocardial infarction: evidence for contrasting effects of vascular vs. blood oxidative stress
Margaritis M, Sanna F, Lazaros G, Akoumianakis I, Patel S, Antonopoulos AS, Duke C, Herdman L, Psarros C, Oikonomou EK, Shirodaria C, Petrou M, Sayeed R, Krasopoulos G, Lee R, Tousoulis D, Channon KM, Antoniades C. Predictive value of telomere length on outcome following acute myocardial infarction: evidence for contrasting effects of vascular vs. blood oxidative stress. European Heart Journal 2017, 38: 3094-3104. PMID: 28444175, PMCID: PMC5837455, DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx177.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPeripheral blood mononuclear cellsAcute myocardial infarctionVascular smooth muscle cellsVascular oxidative stressSaphenous veinMyocardial infarctionOxidative stressPredictive valueRecent acute myocardial infarctionCoronary artery bypassBlood mononuclear cellsClinical predictive valueBlood oxidative stressSmooth muscle cellsFunctional genetic polymorphismsEffects of vascularTissue-specific biomarkersArtery bypassProspective cohortConsecutive patientsClinical outcomesVascular factorsPost-AMIMononuclear cellsArtery segmentsA prospective study of external stenting of saphenous vein grafts to the right coronary artery: the VEST II study
Taggart DP, Amin S, Djordjevic J, Oikonomou EK, Thomas S, Kampoli AM, Sabharwal N, Antoniades C, Krasopoulos G. A prospective study of external stenting of saphenous vein grafts to the right coronary artery: the VEST II study. European Journal Of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery 2017, 51: 952-958. PMID: 28379404, DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezw438.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsRight coronary arteryComputed tomography angiographyCoronary arteryExternal stentRight internal mammary artery graftInternal mammary artery graftLeft internal mammary arteryGraft 1 yearMammary artery graftsRight coronary territoryCoronary artery bypassEnd of surgeryInternal mammary arterySaphenous vein graftsSide branchesLeft territoryRight territorySVG patencyArtery bypassArtery graftExternal stentingMammary arteryPrimary endpointGraft failureII study
2016
Prognostic implications of epicardial fat volume quantification in acute pericarditis
Lazaros G, Antonopoulos AS, Oikonomou EK, Vasileiou P, Oikonomou E, Stroumpouli E, Karavidas A, Antoniades C, Tousoulis D. Prognostic implications of epicardial fat volume quantification in acute pericarditis. European Journal Of Clinical Investigation 2016, 47: 129-136. PMID: 27931089, DOI: 10.1111/eci.12711.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsEpicardial fat volumeCardiac computerized tomographyComposite clinical endpointAcute pericarditisIncessant pericarditisChest painPrognostic implicationsClinical endpointsPoor responsePericardial effusion sizeOutcomes of patientsAtrial fibrillation developmentImportant prognostic implicationsCardiovascular disease pathogenesisAnti-inflammatory drugsLower odds ratioFifty patientsClinical featuresEffusion sizeFirst diagnosisPrognostic informationOdds ratioPericarditisFat volumePatients