1999
Pneumococcal vaccines: history, current status, and future directions
Butler J, Shapiro E, Carlone G. Pneumococcal vaccines: history, current status, and future directions. The American Journal Of Medicine 1999, 107: 69-76. PMID: 10451012, DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9343(99)00105-9.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPneumococcal polysaccharide vaccinePolysaccharide vaccinePneumococcal infectionCertain underlying medical conditionsSerious pneumococcal diseaseCommunity-acquired pneumoniaPneumococcal conjugate vaccineUnderlying medical conditionsAnti-pneumococcal antibodiesLarger efficacy trialPrevention of infectionDrug-resistant strainsImmunocompetent childrenPneumococcal diseasePneumococcal vaccineBacterial meningitisConjugate vaccineCase fatalityDNA vaccineInvasive infectionsPneumococcal polysaccharideEfficacy trialsImmune responseMedical conditionsHigh risk
1984
A controlled evaluation of the protective efficacy of pneumococcal vaccine for patients at high risk of serious pneumococcal infections.
Shapiro E, Clemens J. A controlled evaluation of the protective efficacy of pneumococcal vaccine for patients at high risk of serious pneumococcal infections. Annals Of Internal Medicine 1984, 101: 325-30. PMID: 6380367, DOI: 10.7326/0003-4819-101-3-325.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsIncreased risk of pneumococcal infectionRisk of pneumococcal infectionEfficacy of pneumococcal vaccineSystemic pneumococcal infectionPneumococcal infectionPneumococcal vaccineVaccine protective efficacyIncreased riskProtective efficacyCase-control studyOdds ratioVaccine efficacyHigh riskMatched controlsPatientsInfectionConfounding variablesEfficacyVaccine