Subjective, Physiological, and Cognitive Responses to Intravenous Nicotine: Effects of Sex and Menstrual Cycle Phase
DeVito EE, Herman AI, Waters AJ, Valentine GW, Sofuoglu M. Subjective, Physiological, and Cognitive Responses to Intravenous Nicotine: Effects of Sex and Menstrual Cycle Phase. Neuropsychopharmacology 2013, 39: 1431-1440. PMID: 24345818, PMCID: PMC3988546, DOI: 10.1038/npp.2013.339.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSubjective drug effectsMenstrual cycle phaseDrug effectsNicotine dependenceMenstrual cycle phase effectsFollicular phase womenSerious public health concernCycle phase effectsSymptoms of withdrawalLuteal phase femalesPublic health concernMenstrual phase differencesNicotine administrationOptimal treatmentIntravenous nicotineLuteal phaseOvernight abstinenceSmoking behaviorCycle phaseNicotine responseGreater physiological responsesBiochemical confirmationHealth concernEffects of sexBetter cognition