2002
Coffee intake is associated with lower risk of symptomatic gallstone disease in women
Leitzmann MF, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC, Spiegelman D, Colditz GA, Giovannucci EL. Coffee intake is associated with lower risk of symptomatic gallstone disease in women. Gastroenterology 2002, 123: 1823-1830. PMID: 12454839, DOI: 10.1053/gast.2002.37054.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSymptomatic gallstone diseaseMultivariate relative riskGallstone diseaseRelative riskCoffee drinkingCaffeinated coffeeLower riskRisk of cholecystectomyCoffee intakeCaffeine intakeCoffee consumptionCholecystectomyAge 34Consistent intakeDecaffeinated coffeeAbstractTextDiseaseWomenDietary sourcesIntakeRiskAIMSDrinkingCohortYears
1999
A Prospective Study of Coffee Consumption and the Risk of Symptomatic Gallstone Disease in Men
Leitzmann MF, Willett WC, Rimm EB, Stampfer MJ, Spiegelman D, Colditz GA, Giovannucci E. A Prospective Study of Coffee Consumption and the Risk of Symptomatic Gallstone Disease in Men. JAMA 1999, 281: 2106-2112. PMID: 10367821, DOI: 10.1001/jama.281.22.2106.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSymptomatic gallstone diseaseGallstone diseaseRelative riskCoffee consumptionDecreased riskRisk factorsCaffeine intakeHealth professionalsUS male health professionalsMale health professionalsRegular coffeeProspective cohort studyFood frequency questionnaireConsumption of coffeeCohort studyFrequency questionnaireProspective studyMore cupsMetabolic effectsUS menGallstone formationDecaffeinated coffeeDiseaseMenCholecystectomy