1999
Smoking and risk of total and fatal prostate cancer in United States health professionals.
Giovannucci E, Rimm EB, Ascherio A, Colditz GA, Spiegelman D, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC. Smoking and risk of total and fatal prostate cancer in United States health professionals. Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention 1999, 8: 277-82. PMID: 10207628.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsFatal prostate cancerProstate cancerCancer incidenceHealth professionalsCumulative smoking historyMale health professionalsSmoking-related comorbiditiesTotal prostate cancerDistant metastatic diseaseProstate cancer incidenceMetastatic prostate cancerRecent tobacco useMetastatic diseaseSmoking historyCigarette smokingLifestyle factorsExcess riskFatal casesTobacco useHigh riskScreening behaviorSmokingCigarette useCancerSmokers
1998
A prospective study of physical activity and prostate cancer in male health professionals.
Giovannucci E, Leitzmann M, Spiegelman D, Rimm EB, Colditz GA, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC. A prospective study of physical activity and prostate cancer in male health professionals. Cancer Research 1998, 58: 5117-22. PMID: 9823321.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMale health professionalsTotal prostate cancerMetastatic prostate cancerProstate cancerPhysical activityMetabolic equivalentsVigorous activityLower riskHealth professionalsLeisure-time physical activityMore metabolic equivalentsNonvigorous physical activityReported average timeHealth Professionals FollowHistory of diabetesProspective cohort studyAdvanced prostate cancerRole of exerciseTime physical activityYears of ageWarrants further studyNonvigorous activitiesMen 40Professionals FollowCohort study