Smoking and risk of total and fatal prostate cancer in United States health professionals.
Giovannucci E, Rimm EB, Ascherio A, Colditz GA, Spiegelman D, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC. Smoking and risk of total and fatal prostate cancer in United States health professionals. Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention 1999, 8: 277-82. PMID: 10207628.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsFatal prostate cancerProstate cancerCancer incidenceHealth professionalsCumulative smoking historyMale health professionalsSmoking-related comorbiditiesTotal prostate cancerDistant metastatic diseaseProstate cancer incidenceMetastatic prostate cancerRecent tobacco useMetastatic diseaseSmoking historyCigarette smokingLifestyle factorsExcess riskFatal casesTobacco useHigh riskScreening behaviorSmokingCigarette useCancerSmokers