Leishmania‐encoded orthologs of macrophage migration inhibitory factor regulate host immunity to promote parasite persistence
Holowka T, Castilho TM, Garcia AB, Sun T, McMahon‐Pratt D, Bucala R. Leishmania‐encoded orthologs of macrophage migration inhibitory factor regulate host immunity to promote parasite persistence. The FASEB Journal 2016, 30: 2249-2265. PMID: 26956417, PMCID: PMC4871794, DOI: 10.1096/fj.201500189r.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsAntigens, Differentiation, B-LymphocyteApoptosisCD4-Positive T-LymphocytesCloning, MolecularGene DeletionGene Expression RegulationHistocompatibility Antigens Class IILeishmania majorLeishmaniasis, CutaneousMacrophage Migration-Inhibitory FactorsMacrophagesMiceMice, Inbred BALB CMice, Inbred C57BLMice, KnockoutMice, SCIDOrganisms, Genetically ModifiedProtein Array AnalysisProtozoan ProteinsConceptsMacrophage migration inhibitory factorMigration inhibitory factorCD4 T cellsInhibitory factorL. majorT cellsHost immunityProtective CD4 T cellsEffector CD4 T cellsCytokine macrophage migration inhibitory factorMajor-infected miceT cell primingAntigen-presenting cellsT cell formationExpression of IFNDeath-1Functional exhaustionIL-7RHost responseParasite persistenceParasite burdenParasite growthReduced expressionMiceSignificant differences