2002
Prospective study of infective endocarditis among injection drug users
Wilson L, Thomas D, Astemborski J, Freedman T, Vlahov D. Prospective study of infective endocarditis among injection drug users. The Journal Of Infectious Diseases 2002, 185: 1761-1766. PMID: 12085322, DOI: 10.1086/340827.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsInjection drug usersInfective endocarditisHIV-seronegative injection drug usersDrug usersHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infectionCohort of IDUsInjection drug use behaviorsCD4 lymphocyte countImmunodeficiency virus infectionCase-control studyDrug use frequencyDrug use behaviorsHIV immunosuppressionLymphocyte countCase patientsHIV statusAlcohol intakeProspective studyInverse associationRisk factorsVirus infectionMultivariate analysisEndocarditisHIVIncidence
2001
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Associated with Improved Anemia Among HIV-Infected Women
Semba R, Shah N, Klein R, Mayer K, Schuman P, Gardner L, Vlahov D. Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Associated with Improved Anemia Among HIV-Infected Women. AIDS Patient Care And STDs 2001, 15: 473-480. PMID: 11587633, DOI: 10.1089/108729101753145466.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPrevalence of anemiaAntiretroviral therapyHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infectionActive antiretroviral therapyCombination antiretroviral therapyImmunodeficiency virus infectionHIV-positive womenYears of treatmentIncrease of hemoglobinImproved anemiaMulticenter cohortVirus infectionHAARTAnemiaHIVWomenTherapyLinear regression modelsPrevalenceTreatmentBaselineHemoglobinRegression modelsSignificant changesMonotherapySex Differences in Risk Factors for HIV Seroconversion Among Injection Drug Users: A 10-Year Perspective
Strathdee S, Galai N, Safaiean M, Celentano D, Vlahov D, Johnson L, Nelson K. Sex Differences in Risk Factors for HIV Seroconversion Among Injection Drug Users: A 10-Year Perspective. JAMA Internal Medicine 2001, 161: 1281-1288. PMID: 11371255, DOI: 10.1001/archinte.161.10.1281.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsInjection drug usersIncidence of HIVHIV seroconversionRisk factorsProspective studyDrug usersHigh-risk heterosexual activityHuman immunodeficiency virus interventionsHIV-negative injection drug usersHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infectionFemale injection drug usersImmunodeficiency virus infectionInjection drug useDrug-related risksHomosexual activityTime-dependent covariatesHIV testMedian agePerson yearsDaily injectionsNeedle sharingCocaine injectionHIV riskVirus infectionSeroconversionBlood-Borne and Sexual Transmission of Human Herpesvirus 8 in Women with or at Risk for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Cannon M, Dollard S, Smith D, Klein R, Schuman P, Rich J, Vlahov D, Pellett P. Blood-Borne and Sexual Transmission of Human Herpesvirus 8 in Women with or at Risk for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection. New England Journal Of Medicine 2001, 344: 637-643. PMID: 11228278, DOI: 10.1056/nejm200103013440904.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultAnalysis of VarianceBlood-Borne PathogensFemaleHepatitis, Viral, HumanHerpesviridae InfectionsHerpesvirus 8, HumanHeterosexualityHIV InfectionsHumansLogistic ModelsProspective StudiesRisk FactorsRisk-TakingSeroepidemiologic StudiesSexual BehaviorSubstance Abuse, IntravenousSyphilisConceptsInjection drug useHHV-8 infectionHepatitis B virusHepatitis C virusHuman immunodeficiency virusHHV-8 seroprevalenceHHV-8Human herpesvirus 8Sexual transmissionRisk factorsHerpesvirus 8Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infectionHHV-8 seropositivityHigh-risk sexual behaviorImmunodeficiency virus infectionBlood-borne transmissionDaily injection drug useHispanic ethnic backgroundEnzyme-linked immunosorbentRisk of seropositivityBlood borneSyphilis infectionHIV infectionIndependent predictorsImmunodeficiency virus
1999
Evaluating supervised haart in late-stage HIV among drug users: A preliminary report
Greenberg B, Berkman A, Thomas R, Hoos D, Finkelstein R, Astemborski J, Vlahov D. Evaluating supervised haart in late-stage HIV among drug users: A preliminary report. Journal Of Urban Health 1999, 76: 468-480. PMID: 10609596, PMCID: PMC3456696, DOI: 10.1007/bf02351504.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsInjection drug usersResidential health care facilitiesViral load increaseViral loadDrug usersMean age 42 yearsHepatitis C virus antibodyHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infectionActive antiretroviral therapyC virus antibodyTreatment-experienced patientsImmunodeficiency virus infectionAge 42 yearsHistory of dementiaLate-stage HIVHealth care facilitiesHIV/AIDSHCV seropositivityAntiretroviral therapyInitial CD4IDU populationRecord reviewSupervised therapyVirus antibodiesMedication administrationSelf-Reported Bacterial Infections Among Women with or at Risk for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Flanigan T, Hogan J, Smith D, Schoenbaum E, Vlahov D, Schuman P, Mayer K. Self-Reported Bacterial Infections Among Women with or at Risk for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection. Clinical Infectious Diseases 1999, 29: 608-612. PMID: 10530455, DOI: 10.1086/598641.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infectionCD4 cell countImmunodeficiency virus infectionBacterial infectionsRecent pneumoniaVirus infectionCell countHIV-negative womenHIV-seropositive womenUrinary tract infectionInjection drug useLogistic regression analysisSelf-reported pneumoniaCross-sectional analysisSeronegative womenTract infectionsHIV infectionDrug useLifetime historyInfectionPneumoniaMajor causeWomenRegression analysisCell categoriesThe effect of immunodeficiency on cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity testing in HIV-infected women without anergy: implications for tuberculin testing. HER Study Group. HIV Epidemiology Research.
Klein R, Flanigan T, Schuman P, Smith D, Vlahov D. The effect of immunodeficiency on cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity testing in HIV-infected women without anergy: implications for tuberculin testing. HER Study Group. HIV Epidemiology Research. The International Journal Of Tuberculosis And Lung Disease 1999, 3: 681-8. PMID: 10460100.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCell countSeronegative womenHigh-risk seronegative womenHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infectionDelayed-type hypersensitivity testingDegree of immunodeficiencyHIV antibody testingImmunodeficiency virus infectionType hypersensitivity responseEffects of immunodeficiencyUrban medical centerDTH antigensDTH testingHIV seropositivesHIV-seronegativesPPD sizeSeropositive womenLymphocyte countHIV infectionAntibody testingHypersensitivity responseTuberculin antigenCutaneous responseHypersensitivity testingTetanus toxoid
1998
Vitamin A Supplementation and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Load in Injection Drug Users
Semba R, Lyles C, Margolick J, Caiaffa W, Farzadegan H, Cohn S, Vlahov D. Vitamin A Supplementation and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Load in Injection Drug Users. The Journal Of Infectious Diseases 1998, 177: 611-616. PMID: 9498439, DOI: 10.1086/514235.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCD4 lymphocyte countHigh-dose vitaminHIV loadInjection drug usersLymphocyte countDrug usersVitamin AHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infectionPlacebo-controlled clinical trialHuman immunodeficiency virus loadImmunodeficiency virus infectionUse of vitaminsPlasma vitaminHIV replicationVirus loadClinical trialsVirus infectionClinical investigationRetinol equivalentsSupplementationRetinoic acid response elementVitaminWeeksAcid response elementCountPersonal Network Correlates and Predictors of Homelessness for Injection Drug Users in Baltimore, Maryland
Latkin C, Mandell W, Knowlton A, Vlahov D, Hawkins W. Personal Network Correlates and Predictors of Homelessness for Injection Drug Users in Baltimore, Maryland. Journal Of Social Distress And The Homeless 1998, 7: 263-278. DOI: 10.1023/a:1022943311679.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
1997
Syphilis Serology in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection: Evidence for False-Negative Fluorescent Treponemal Testing
Erbelding E, Vlahov D, Nelson K, Rompalo A, Cohn S, Sanchez P, Quinn T, Brathwaite W, Thomas D. Syphilis Serology in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection: Evidence for False-Negative Fluorescent Treponemal Testing. The Journal Of Infectious Diseases 1997, 176: 1397-1400. PMID: 9359747, DOI: 10.1086/517330.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsFTA-ABS testHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infectionImmunodeficiency virus infectionBFP reactionsVirus infectionRapid plasma reagin titerFluorescent treponemal antibody absorption testInjection drug usersAntibody absorption testPresence of antibodiesTreponema pallidum antigensFalse positive reactorsBFP reactorsSyphilis serologySerologic patternTreatment historyDrug usersMembrane antigenTreponemal testingAntigenNegative resultsSyphilisInfectionAntibodiesSerologyLong-term Perspective on the Prevalent-Cohort Biases in Studies of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Progression
Alcabes P, Pezzotti P, Phillips A, Rezza G, Vlahov D. Long-term Perspective on the Prevalent-Cohort Biases in Studies of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Progression. American Journal Of Epidemiology 1997, 146: 543-551. PMID: 9326431, DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009312.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPSP cohortRelative riskSeroincident cohortHIV infectionPrevalent cohortAIDS riskAcquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) diagnosisHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infectionDisease Control case definitionHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) progressionImmunodeficiency syndrome diagnosisImmunodeficiency virus infectionPrevalent HIV infectionProportional hazards regressionAmbulatory care clinicsRate of progressionStudies of cohortsItalian National RegistryAIDS-free subjectsObserved relative riskSeroconversion datesHIV seroconversionCare clinicsHazards regressionNational registryDesign and Baseline Participant Characteristics of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Epidemiology Research (HER) Study: A Prospective Cohort Study of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in US Women
Smith D, Warren D, Vlahov D, Schuman P, Stein M, Greenberg B, Holmberg S, Group F. Design and Baseline Participant Characteristics of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Epidemiology Research (HER) Study: A Prospective Cohort Study of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in US Women. American Journal Of Epidemiology 1997, 146: 459-469. PMID: 9290506, DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009299.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsUS womenHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infectionPublic Health Service agenciesImmunodeficiency virus infectionProspective cohort studyInjection drug useHIV-infected womenBaseline participant characteristicsInpatient medical recordsHealth service agenciesSexual risk behaviorsUninfected womenHIV cohortCohort studyInfected womenHIV infectionPhysical examinationMedical recordsHIV epidemicLongitudinal cohortVirus infectionCare settingsHigh riskDrug useRisk behaviorsComparison of a Tuberculin Interferon-γ Assay with the Tuberculin Skin Test in High-Risk Adults: Effect of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Converse P, Jones S, Astemborski J, Vlahov D, Graham N. Comparison of a Tuberculin Interferon-γ Assay with the Tuberculin Skin Test in High-Risk Adults: Effect of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection. The Journal Of Infectious Diseases 1997, 176: 144-150. PMID: 9207360, DOI: 10.1086/514016.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTuberculin skin testHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infectionImmunodeficiency virus infectionSkin testVirus infectionIFN-gammaNegative tuberculin skin testPositive tuberculin skin testInterferon-γ AssayTST induration diameterWhole bloodHigh-risk adultsIntravenous drug usersMycobacterium tuberculosis exposureWhole blood IFN-gammaIFN-gamma responsesCutaneous anergyMitogen controlSeronegative subjectsTuberculosis exposureHIV infectionTuberculin reactivityWhole heparinized bloodInduration diameterDrug usersComparison of PCR and hybrid capture methods for detection of human papillomavirus in injection drug-using women at high risk of human immunodeficiency virus infection
Shah K, Solomon L, Daniel R, Cohn S, Vlahov D. Comparison of PCR and hybrid capture methods for detection of human papillomavirus in injection drug-using women at high risk of human immunodeficiency virus infection. Journal Of Clinical Microbiology 1997, 35: 517-519. PMID: 9003632, PMCID: PMC229616, DOI: 10.1128/jcm.35.2.517-519.1997.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHuman papillomavirusHybrid captureInjection drug-using womenHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infectionL1 consensus primersHIV-negative womenImmunodeficiency virus infectionPap smear abnormalitiesHuman immunodeficiency virusDrug-using womenHPV prevalencePositive womenSmear abnormalitiesImmunodeficiency virusViral loadHybrid capture methodVirus infectionHigh riskComparison of PCRLow specificityConsensus primersWomenPapillomavirusPCRInfectionVitamin A levels and human immunodeficiency virus load in injection drug users.
Semba R, Farzadegan H, Vlahov D. Vitamin A levels and human immunodeficiency virus load in injection drug users. MSphere 1997, 4: 93-5. PMID: 9008289, PMCID: PMC170483, DOI: 10.1128/cdli.4.1.93-95.1997.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsInjection drug usersInfectious viral loadHIV viral loadPlasma vitaminViral loadDrug usersHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infectionPeripheral blood mononuclear cellsHuman immunodeficiency virus loadHigher vertical transmissionLow plasma vitaminImmunodeficiency virus infectionIndependent risk factorProspective cohort studyBlood mononuclear cellsEntire study populationCross-sectional studyHIV loadQuantitative microcultureCohort studyHIV infectionMononuclear cellsRisk factorsVirus loadLow vitamin
1996
Antibodies to Bartonella Species in Inner-city Intravenous Drug Users in Baltimore, Md
Comer J, Flynn C, Regnery R, Vlahov D, Childs J. Antibodies to Bartonella Species in Inner-city Intravenous Drug Users in Baltimore, Md. JAMA Internal Medicine 1996, 156: 2491-2495. PMID: 8944742, DOI: 10.1001/archinte.1996.00440200111014.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsIntravenous drug usersHuman immunodeficiency virus statusB quintanaRisk factorsDrug usersB henselaeDrug useVirus statusHuman immunodeficiency virus-seropositive individualsHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infectionSerum samplesImmunodeficiency virus infectionAvailable serum samplesSignificant risk factorsBehavioral risk factorsPossible risk factorsSignificant inverse associationIndirect immunofluorescent antibodyFrequency of injectionsUrban transmission cyclesBartonella speciesBartonella organismsMode of transmissionCurrent natural historyImmunodeficiency syndromeHuman Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and Infective Endocarditis among Injecting Drug Users
Manoff S, Vlahov D, Herskowitz A, Solomon L, Munoz A, Cohn S, Willoughby S, Nelson K. Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and Infective Endocarditis among Injecting Drug Users. Epidemiology 1996, 7: 566-570. PMID: 8899380, DOI: 10.1097/00001648-199611000-00002.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infectionHIV-seropositive subjectsImmunodeficiency virus infectionInfective endocarditisDrug usersCD4 cellsOdds ratioVirus infectionHistory of endocarditisRisk of endocarditisHIV-seronegative subjectsInjection drug useInjecting Drug UsersCase-control studyConditional logistic regressionRace/ethnicitySubsequent endocarditisOngoing cohortHIV infectionSerious complicationsHIV serostatusEnrollment dateLast visitCohort enrollmentEndocarditis casesDifferences in the Incidence of Hepatitis B and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infections among Injecting Drug Users
Levine O, Vlahov D, Brookmeyer R, Cohn S, Nelson K. Differences in the Incidence of Hepatitis B and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infections among Injecting Drug Users. The Journal Of Infectious Diseases 1996, 173: 579-583. PMID: 8627020, DOI: 10.1093/infdis/173.3.579.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHepatitis B virusHBV seroconversionOutcome measuresDrug usersHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) seroconversionIncident hepatitis B virusHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infectionHIV seroconversion ratesHIV-seronegative IDUsSubsequent HIV seroconversionImmunodeficiency virus infectionInjecting Drug UsersSurrogate outcome measureImportant outcome measureNeedle exchange programsMale IDUsHIV seroconversionIncident HIVSeroconversion ratesHepatitis BHIV infectionFemale IDUsB virusVirus infectionSeroconversion
1995
Medical Eligibility, Comprehension of the Consent Process, and Retention of Injection Drug Users Recruited for an HIV Vaccine Trial
Harrison K, Vlahov D, Jones K, Charron K, Clements M. Medical Eligibility, Comprehension of the Consent Process, and Retention of Injection Drug Users Recruited for an HIV Vaccine Trial. JAIDS Journal Of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 1995, 10: 386-390. PMID: 7552502, DOI: 10.1097/00042560-199511000-00012.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdolescentAdultAIDS VaccinesClinical Trials as TopicComprehensionConsent FormsDouble-Blind MethodEducational StatusEligibility DeterminationFemaleHIV InfectionsHumansInformed ConsentMaleMiddle AgedPatient SelectionResearch DesignResearch SubjectsSubstance Abuse, IntravenousSurveys and QuestionnairesConceptsInjection drug usersHIV vaccine trialsVaccine trialsDrug usersHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infectionImmunodeficiency virus infectionPhase II trialInformed consent procedureConsent proceduresII trialVirus infectionHigh riskMedical reasonsMedical eligibilityTrialsConsent processEnrollmentFollowInfectionFalse testVisitsInstability of Delayed-type Hypersensitivity Skin Test Anergy in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Caiaffa W, Graham N, Galai N, Rizzo R, Nelson K, Vlahov D. Instability of Delayed-type Hypersensitivity Skin Test Anergy in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection. JAMA Internal Medicine 1995, 155: 2111-2117. PMID: 7575072, DOI: 10.1001/archinte.1995.00430190107015.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHIV-seropositive subjectsHIV-seronegative subjectsCD4 cell countSkin test resultsDrug usersCell countDTH anergyDTH positivityDelayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) skin testDelayed-type hypersensitivity anergyHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infectionDTH skin testingSkin test anergyImmunodeficiency virus infectionCommunity-based cohortHuman immunodeficiency virusHypersensitivity skin testsCandida albicans antigenAnergy testingSerial skinCD4 cellsHIV statusSingle testSkin testingImmunodeficiency virus