2003
Retinoids and Drugs of Abuse: Implications for Neurological Disease Risk in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection
Royal W, Vlahov D, Lyles C, Gajewski C. Retinoids and Drugs of Abuse: Implications for Neurological Disease Risk in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection. Clinical Infectious Diseases 2003, 37: s427-s432. PMID: 14648459, DOI: 10.1086/377554.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infectionVirus type 1 infectionType 1 infectionDrug usersSeronegative control subjectsRetinoic acidDevelopment of HIVInjection drug usersTumor necrosis factorNervous system diseasesLevels of retinolMononuclear cell lineNeurological disease riskTrans retinoic acidDrugs of abuseRetinoid administrationClinical outcomesRetinol-binding proteinImmunomodulatory effectsControl subjectsNecrosis factorSystem diseasesNeurological diseasesHIVDisease risk
1994
Direct Comparison of the Relationship Between Clinical Outcome and Change in CD4+ Lymphocytes in Human Immunodeficiency Virus—Positive Homosexual Men and Injecting Drug Users
Margolick J, Muñoz A, Vlahov D, Astemborski J, Solomon L, He X, Nelson K, Saah A. Direct Comparison of the Relationship Between Clinical Outcome and Change in CD4+ Lymphocytes in Human Immunodeficiency Virus—Positive Homosexual Men and Injecting Drug Users. JAMA Internal Medicine 1994, 154: 869-875. PMID: 7908795, DOI: 10.1001/archinte.1994.00420080065006.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHuman immunodeficiency virus-positive homosexual menLymphocyte countHomosexual menImmunodeficiency syndromeDrug usersRate of declineStudy entryClinical outcomesHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infectionDevelopment of thrushMore frequent developmentImmunodeficiency virus infectionT cell subsetsInjecting Drug UsersProgression of diseaseRisk group membershipLower absolute numbersLymphocyte numbersClinical progressionClinical symptomsInitial levelDisease progressionVirus infectionStudy groupCD4
1993
Increased Mortality Associated With Vitamin A Deficiency During Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection
Semba R, Graham N, Caiaffa W, Margolick J, Clement L, Vlahov D. Increased Mortality Associated With Vitamin A Deficiency During Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection. JAMA Internal Medicine 1993, 153: 2149-2154. PMID: 8379807, DOI: 10.1001/archinte.1993.00410180103012.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infectionHIV-1-seropositive individualsVirus type 1 infectionCD4 T cellsHIV-1 infectionType 1 infectionPlasma vitaminT cellsHIV-1-seronegative individualsMean plasma vitaminLow CD4 levelsIntravenous drug usersHIV-seropositive participantsBlood cell countImportant risk factorNormal immune functionMumol/LCD4 levelsSeronegative individualsImmunologic statusSerologic markersClinical outcomesLiver diseaseSeropositive individualsIncreased Mortality