2023
Living Donor Liver Transplantation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Within and Outside Traditional Selection Criteria
Ivanics T, Claasen M, Samstein B, Emond J, Fox A, Pomfret E, Pomposelli J, Tabrizian P, Florman S, Mehta N, Roberts J, Emamaullee J, Genyk Y, Hernandez-Alejandro R, Tomiyama K, Sasaki K, Hashimoto K, Nagai S, Abouljoud M, Olthoff K, Hoteit M, Heimbach J, Taner T, Liapakis A, Mulligan D, Sapisochin G, Halazun K, Group O. Living Donor Liver Transplantation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Within and Outside Traditional Selection Criteria. Annals Of Surgery 2023, 279: 104-111. PMID: 37522174, DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000006049.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsUniversity of California San FranciscoMilan criteriaDonor liver transplantationHepatocellular carcinomaOverall survivalLiver transplantationPosttransplantation survivalEvaluate long-term oncologic outcomesUniversity of California San Francisco criteriaLiving donor liver transplantationRecurrence-free survivalKaplan-Meier methodTransplant selection criteriaProportion of patientsAdult LDLT recipientsNorth American centersLong-term survivalLiver transplant waitlistCalifornia San FranciscoLDLT recipientsMulticenter cohortConsensus guidelinesTransplantationPatientsPosttransplantation
2021
North American Practice-Based Recommendations for Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunts in Portal Hypertension
Boike JR, Thornburg BG, Asrani SK, Fallon MB, Fortune BE, Izzy MJ, Verna EC, Abraldes JG, Allegretti AS, Bajaj JS, Biggins SW, Darcy MD, Farr MA, Farsad K, Garcia-Tsao G, Hall SA, Jadlowiec CC, Krowka MJ, Laberge J, Lee EW, Mulligan DC, Nadim MK, Northup PG, Salem R, Shatzel JJ, Shaw CJ, Simonetto DA, Susman J, Kolli KP, VanWagner LB, Consortium A. North American Practice-Based Recommendations for Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunts in Portal Hypertension. Clinical Gastroenterology And Hepatology 2021, 20: 1636-1662.e36. PMID: 34274511, PMCID: PMC8760361, DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2021.07.018.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPortal hypertensionTIPS creationInterventional radiologistsTransjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shuntTransjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) creationPrevention of complicationsIntrahepatic portosystemic shuntCrucial therapeutic optionPortosystemic Shunt CreationPractice-based recommendationsUse of TIPSTIPS indicationGastrointestinal bleedingHepatic hydrothoraxHepatic encephalopathySignificant morbidityPortosystemic shuntTherapeutic optionsTransplant surgeryConsensus statementTherapeutic decisionsHypertensionApproach groupTherapeutic approachesShunt creationChanges in Use of Left Ventricular Assist Devices as Bridge to Transplantation With New Heart Allocation Policy
Mullan CW, Chouairi F, Sen S, Mori M, Clark KAA, Reinhardt SW, Miller PE, Fuery MA, Jacoby D, Maulion C, Anwer M, Geirsson A, Mulligan D, Formica R, Rogers JG, Desai NR, Ahmad T. Changes in Use of Left Ventricular Assist Devices as Bridge to Transplantation With New Heart Allocation Policy. JACC Heart Failure 2021, 9: 420-429. PMID: 33714748, DOI: 10.1016/j.jchf.2021.01.010.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsDonor heart allocation systemNumber of patientsHeart allocation systemVentricular assist deviceWaitlist survivalAssist deviceNew heart allocation policyLeft ventricular assist deviceAllocation system changePost-transplant mortalityOrgan Sharing databaseOutcomes of patientsPost-transplantation outcomesProportion of patientsTime of transplantContinuous-flow LVADPost-transplantation survivalHeart allocation policyNew allocation systemBaseline recipientStatus 1AHeart transplantationIschemic timeLVAD implantationTransplant list
2018
Successful treatment of primary donor‐derived human herpesvirus‐8 infection and hepatic Kaposi Sarcoma in an adult liver transplant recipient
Fu W, Merola J, Malinis M, Lacy J, Barbieri A, Liapakis AH, Mulligan DC, Yoo PS. Successful treatment of primary donor‐derived human herpesvirus‐8 infection and hepatic Kaposi Sarcoma in an adult liver transplant recipient. Transplant Infectious Disease 2018, 20: e12966. PMID: 30014622, DOI: 10.1111/tid.12966.Peer-Reviewed Case Reports and Technical NotesConceptsHuman herpesvirus 8 infectionHepatic Kaposi sarcomaKaposi's sarcomaTransplant recipientsAdult liver transplant recipientsRegression of KSSplit liver transplantAcute cellular rejectionLiver transplant recipientsSuccessful therapeutic strategiesAllograft functionCellular rejectionLiver transplantSeropositive donorsSuccessful treatmentLiposomal doxorubicinTherapeutic strategiesRecipientsSarcomaInfectionTreatmentImmunosuppressionPatientsMalignancyTransplant
2017
Predictors of Waitlist Mortality in Portopulmonary Hypertension
DuBrock HM, Goldberg DS, Sussman NL, Bartolome SD, Kadry Z, Salgia RJ, Mulligan DC, Kremers WK, Kawut SM, Krowka MJ, Channick RN. Predictors of Waitlist Mortality in Portopulmonary Hypertension. Transplantation 2017, 101: 1609-1615. PMID: 28207639, PMCID: PMC5481480, DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000001666.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsArterial PressureCause of DeathChi-Square DistributionDatabases, FactualDecision Support TechniquesFemaleHumansHypertension, PortalHypertension, PulmonaryKaplan-Meier EstimateLiver DiseasesLiver TransplantationMaleMiddle AgedMultivariate AnalysisPortal PressurePredictive Value of TestsProportional Hazards ModelsPulmonary ArteryPulmonary CirculationRetrospective StudiesRisk AssessmentRisk FactorsSeverity of Illness IndexTime FactorsTissue and Organ ProcurementTreatment OutcomeVascular ResistanceWaiting ListsConceptsPortopulmonary hypertensionWaitlist mortalityMELD exceptionsLiver diseaseException scoreEnd-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) exception pointsSignificant predictorsCox proportional hazards modelMELD exception scoreWaitlist mortality riskRetrospective cohort studyPulmonary arterial pressureTransplantation Network databaseSignificant univariate predictorsOnly significant univariate predictorsProportional hazards modelMELD scorePosttransplant mortalityPulmonary hypertensionCohort studyArterial pressureUnivariate predictorsC-statisticMortality riskHazards model
2016
A resilience intervention involving mindfulness training for transplant patients and their caregivers
Stonnington CM, Darby B, Santucci A, Mulligan P, Pathuis P, Cuc A, Hentz JG, Zhang N, Mulligan D, Sood A. A resilience intervention involving mindfulness training for transplant patients and their caregivers. Clinical Transplantation 2016, 30: 1466-1472. PMID: 27618687, DOI: 10.1111/ctr.12841.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTransplant patientsCell transplant patientsNegative affectNeuroscience of stressMindfulness-based stress reductionMindfulness-based interventionsStem cell transplant patientsHealth-related qualityKidney/pancreasMeasures of stressPositive affectMindfulness trainingResilience interventionsMindfulness practiceMonths postinterventionMayo ClinicCaregiver interventionsMental componentSolid organsPatientsStress reductionAffectCaregiversMost participantsAnxietyPerioperative outcomes of coronary artery bypass graft in renal transplant recipients in the United States: results from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample
Tooley JE, Bohl DD, Kulkarni S, Rodriguez‐Davalos M, Mangi A, Mulligan DC, Yoo PS. Perioperative outcomes of coronary artery bypass graft in renal transplant recipients in the United States: results from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample. Clinical Transplantation 2016, 30: 1258-1263. PMID: 27440000, DOI: 10.1111/ctr.12816.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdolescentAdultAgedAged, 80 and overCoronary Artery BypassCoronary Artery DiseaseDatabases, FactualFemaleHospital CostsHospital MortalityHumansKidney TransplantationLength of StayLinear ModelsLogistic ModelsMaleMiddle AgedPostoperative ComplicationsRenal DialysisRenal Insufficiency, ChronicRetrospective StudiesTreatment OutcomeUnited StatesYoung AdultConceptsChronic kidney diseaseNationwide Inpatient SampleLength of stayCKD patientsCABG surgeryHospital mortalityPerioperative outcomesInpatient SampleCardiovascular diseaseCoronary artery bypass graftKidney transplant patientsRenal transplant recipientsRetrospective cohort studyArtery bypass graftRate of complicationsTotal hospital chargesBetter perioperative outcomesCause of morbidityCost of hospitalizationNumber one causeGraft lossPerioperative complicationsTransplant patientsTransplant recipientsCohort studyThe impact of broader regional sharing of livers: 2‐year results of “Share 35”
Edwards EB, Harper AM, Hirose R, Mulligan DC. The impact of broader regional sharing of livers: 2‐year results of “Share 35”. Liver Transplantation 2016, 22: 399-409. PMID: 26890858, DOI: 10.1002/lt.24418.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsWaiting list mortalityLiver transplantLiver diseaseEnd-stage liver disease candidatesEnd-stage liver diseasePosttransplant survival outcomesChronic liver diseaseCold ischemia timeShare 35 policyRegional sharingBroader regional sharingPost-policy periodPosttransplant graftUrgent groupIschemia timePatient survivalSurvival outcomesMedian MELDMortality rateSickest candidatesOrgan procurementTransplantation NetworkTransplantAge groupsUrgent patients
2015
Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease following liver transplantation: a clinical review
Merola J, Liapakis A, Mulligan DC, Yoo PS. Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease following liver transplantation: a clinical review. Clinical Transplantation 2015, 29: 728-737. PMID: 26147308, DOI: 10.1111/ctr.12585.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsNon-alcoholic steatohepatitisLiver transplantationRisk factorsNon-alcoholic fatty liver diseasePost-transplant metabolic syndromePost-transplant settingCardiovascular risk factorsPost-transplantation outcomesSignificant survival benefitFatty liver diseaseCause of deathCardiovascular mortalitySurvival benefitMetabolic syndromeLiver diseaseClinical reviewPatient populationSurgical approachTreatment approachesTransplantationRecent evidenceIndicationsSteatohepatitisTransplantSyndrome
2012
Endoscopic treatment of anastomotic biliary strictures after living donor liver transplantation: outcomes after maximal stent therapy
Hsieh TH, Mekeel KL, Crowell MD, Nguyen CC, Das A, Aqel BA, Carey EJ, Byrne TJ, Vargas HE, Douglas DD, Mulligan DC, Harrison ME. Endoscopic treatment of anastomotic biliary strictures after living donor liver transplantation: outcomes after maximal stent therapy. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2012, 77: 47-54. PMID: 23062758, DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2012.08.034.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAlanine TransaminaseAlkaline PhosphataseAspartate AminotransferasesBiliary Tract DiseasesBilirubinCholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic RetrogradeCholestasisEndoscopy, Digestive SystemFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansLiver TransplantationLiving DonorsMalePostoperative ComplicationsRecurrenceRetrospective StudiesStentsTreatment OutcomeConceptsLiving-donor liver transplantationAnastomotic biliary stricturesEndoscopic retrograde cholangiographyPercutaneous transhepatic cholangiographyBiliary stricturesEndoscopic therapyLiver transplantationEndoscopic treatmentRetrograde cholangiographySurgical revisionRetrospective studyTertiary care academic medical centerAggressive endoscopic approachStent placement strategyUnsuccessful endoscopic therapyDonor liver transplantationOptimal endoscopic treatmentAcademic medical centerDuct anastomosisInitial therapyBile leakageEndoscopic dilationBalloon dilationCommon complicationComplication rateLaparoscopic bilateral native nephrectomies with simultaneous kidney transplantation
Martin AD, Mekeel KL, Castle EP, Vaish SS, Martin GL, Moss AA, Mulligan DC, Heilman RL, Reddy KS, Andrews PE. Laparoscopic bilateral native nephrectomies with simultaneous kidney transplantation. BJU International 2012, 110: e1003-e1007. PMID: 22882539, DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2012.11379.x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsBilateral laparoscopic nephrectomyAutosomal dominant polycystic kidney diseaseSimultaneous kidney transplantationShorter total hospital stayBilateral native nephrectomyTotal hospital stayNative nephrectomyHospital stayKidney transplantationGraft functionRenal transplantPerioperative outcomesKidney transplantLaparoscopic approachSingle tertiary academic centerImmediate graft functionInvasive laparoscopic approachSimultaneous renal transplantMedian hospital stayTertiary academic centerTotal operative durationPolycystic kidney diseaseRenal transplantationComparable morbidityComplication rate
2011
A randomized, multicenter study comparing steroid‐free immunosuppression and standard immunosuppression for liver transplant recipients with chronic hepatitis C
Klintmalm GB, Davis GL, Teperman L, Netto GJ, Washburn K, Rudich SM, Pomfret EA, Vargas HE, Brown R, Eckhoff D, Pruett TL, Roberts J, Mulligan DC, Charlton MR, Heffron TG, Ham JM, Douglas DD, Sher L, Baliga PK, Kinkhabwala M, Koneru B, Abecassis M, Millis M, Jennings LW, Fasola CG. A randomized, multicenter study comparing steroid‐free immunosuppression and standard immunosuppression for liver transplant recipients with chronic hepatitis C. Liver Transplantation 2011, 17: 1394-1403. PMID: 21850690, DOI: 10.1002/lt.22417.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdrenal Cortex HormonesAntibodies, Monoclonal, HumanizedAntiviral AgentsBiopsyChi-Square DistributionDaclizumabDrug Therapy, CombinationFemaleGraft RejectionHepacivirusHepatitis C, ChronicHumansImmunoglobulin GImmunosuppressive AgentsKaplan-Meier EstimateLiver FailureLiver TransplantationMaleMiddle AgedMycophenolic AcidProportional Hazards ModelsProspective StudiesRecurrenceRisk AssessmentRisk FactorsRNA, ViralSurvival RateTacrolimusTime FactorsTreatment OutcomeUnited StatesConceptsAcute cellular rejectionSteroid-free immunosuppressionLiver transplant recipientsHCV recurrenceMycophenolate mofetilTransplant recipientsHCV RNA-positive subjectsHepatitis C virus infectionSevere HCV recurrenceSteroid-free groupC virus infectionChronic hepatitis CGraft survival ratesProportion of patientsLiver biopsy samplesCellular rejectionChronic HCVStandard immunosuppressionSteroid sparingHepatitis CLess diabetesMulticenter trialMulticenter studyPatient survivalArm 1Resolution of Long-Standing Necrobiosis Lipoidica Diabeticorum (NLD) Lesion After Restoration of Euglycemia Following Successful Pancreas After Kidney (PAK) Transplantation: A Case Report
Mazur M, Lowney A, Prigoff J, Heilman R, Chakkera H, Moss A, Mulligan D, Reddy K, Hamawi K. Resolution of Long-Standing Necrobiosis Lipoidica Diabeticorum (NLD) Lesion After Restoration of Euglycemia Following Successful Pancreas After Kidney (PAK) Transplantation: A Case Report. Transplantation Proceedings 2011, 43: 3296-3298. PMID: 22099781, DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2011.10.005.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsNecrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorumKidney transplantationPancreas transplantationType I diabetic recipientsTight diabetic controlInflammatory skin disorderRestoration of euglycemiaSuccessful pancreasDiabetic controlDiabetes mellitusDiabetic recipientsImmunosuppressive agentsCase reportUnknown causeCase of resolutionConsistent efficacySkin disordersTransplantationEuglycemiaPatientsPancreasTreatmentImmunosuppressionMellitusRegimenLaparoscopic Distal Pancreatectomy
Mekeel KL, Moss AA, Reddy KS, Mulligan DC, Harold KL. Laparoscopic Distal Pancreatectomy. Surgical Laparoscopy Endoscopy & Percutaneous Techniques 2011, 21: 362-365. PMID: 22002275, DOI: 10.1097/sle.0b013e31822e0ea8.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsLaparoscopic distal pancreatectomyDistal pancreatectomyLaparoscopic pancreatectomySpleen-preserving groupSpleen-preserving pancreatectomyLess blood lossShorter operative timeConcomitant splenectomyInfectious complicationsSplenectomy groupSurgical complicationsBlood lossPancreatic leakSplenic preservationOperative timeRetrospective reviewHand assistanceSplenic vesselsPancreatectomyAnatomic concernsPatientsDelicate dissectionComplicationsSplenectomySpleenMonoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance Does Not Affect Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Solid Organ Transplants
Jimenez-Zepeda VH, Heilman RL, Engel RA, Carey EJ, Freeman C, Rakela J, Mulligan DC, Fonseca R, Stewart AK. Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance Does Not Affect Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Solid Organ Transplants. Transplantation 2011, 92: 570-574. PMID: 21712755, DOI: 10.1097/tp.0b013e318225db2c.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdolescentAdultAgedBlood Protein ElectrophoresisChildDisease ProgressionFemaleHumansImmunosuppression TherapyLymphoproliferative DisordersMaleMiddle AgedMonoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined SignificanceMultiple MyelomaRisk FactorsTransplantation ImmunologyTransplantsTreatment OutcomeYoung AdultConceptsSolid organ transplant patientsPosttransplant lymphoproliferative disorderOrgan transplant patientsTransplant patientsLymphoproliferative disordersMultiple myelomaUndetermined significanceMonoclonal gammopathyPlasma cell proliferative disorderLiver transplant candidatesOutcomes of patientsCase of progressionSolid organ transplantsPlasma cell dyscrasiaCell proliferative disorderMGUS patientsTransplant candidatesClinical courseLate malignancyLifelong riskImmune suppressionRelative riskCell dyscrasiaMonoclonal clonesOrgan transplants
2010
Hepatic epithelioid haemangioendothelioma: is transplantation the only treatment option?
Grotz TE, Nagorney D, Donohue J, Que F, Kendrick M, Farnell M, Harmsen S, Mulligan D, Nguyen J, Rosen C, Reid-Lombardo K. Hepatic epithelioid haemangioendothelioma: is transplantation the only treatment option? Hepato Pancreato Biliary 2010, 12: 546-553. PMID: 20887322, PMCID: PMC2997660, DOI: 10.1111/j.1477-2574.2010.00213.x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultAgedAntineoplastic AgentsChi-Square DistributionDisease-Free SurvivalFemaleHemangioendothelioma, EpithelioidHepatectomyHumansKaplan-Meier EstimateLiver NeoplasmsLiver TransplantationMaleMiddle AgedPalliative CareProportional Hazards ModelsRetrospective StudiesRisk AssessmentRisk FactorsSurvival RateTime FactorsTreatment OutcomeUnited StatesYoung AdultConceptsHepatic epithelioid haemangioendotheliomaOrthotopic liver transplantationDisease-free survivalLiver resectionOverall survivalPrognostic factorsFavorable prognostic factorUnfavourable prognostic factorOnly treatment optionUnpredictable clinical behaviorRare vascular neoplasmResectable diseaseUnresectable diseaseEpithelioid haemangioendotheliomaLiver transplantationFavorable OSFemale predominanceMedian ageSurgical treatmentMultifocal diseaseRetrospective reviewTreatment optionsLarge tumorsClinical behaviorMayo ClinicImpact of Subclinical Inflammation on the Development of Interstitial Fibrosis and Tubular Atrophy in Kidney Transplant Recipients
Heilman RL, Devarapalli Y, Chakkera HA, Mekeel KL, Moss AA, Mulligan DC, Mazur MJ, Hamawi K, Williams JW, Reddy KS. Impact of Subclinical Inflammation on the Development of Interstitial Fibrosis and Tubular Atrophy in Kidney Transplant Recipients. American Journal Of Transplantation 2010, 10: 563-570. PMID: 20121731, DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2009.02966.x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsIF/TA scoreRapid steroid withdrawalSubclinical acute rejectionClinical acute rejectionSubclinical inflammationGroup 2Group 1Group 3Acute rejectionTubular atrophyInterstitial fibrosisGroup 4IF/TAProtocol biopsy findingsKidney transplant recipientsTA scoresProtocol biopsiesSteroid withdrawalTransplant recipientsBiopsy findingsInterstitial inflammationMore patientsMonths 1High riskPatients
2009
Natural history of post–liver transplantation hepatitis C: A review of factors that may influence its course
Gallegos‐Orozco J, Yosephy A, Noble B, Aqel BA, Byrne TJ, Carey EJ, Douglas DD, Mulligan D, Moss A, de Petris G, Williams JW, Rakela J, Vargas HE. Natural history of post–liver transplantation hepatitis C: A review of factors that may influence its course. Liver Transplantation 2009, 15: 1872-1881. PMID: 19938138, DOI: 10.1002/lt.21954.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAcute DiseaseAdultBiopsyDisease ProgressionFemaleGraft RejectionHepatitis CHumansKaplan-Meier EstimateLiver CirrhosisLiver FailureLiver TransplantationLiving DonorsMaleMiddle AgedProportional Hazards ModelsRecurrenceRetrospective StudiesRisk AssessmentRisk FactorsSeverity of Illness IndexTime FactorsTreatment OutcomeConceptsEnd-stage liver diseaseHCV-positive recipientsLiver transplantHepatocellular carcinomaHCV recurrenceAcute rejectionPatient survivalBiopsy-proven acute rejectionMedian age 53 yearsHistory of HCCAggressive HCV recurrenceEarly acute rejectionProtocol liver biopsiesSignificant HCV recurrenceAdult liver transplantsAdvanced donor ageAge 53 yearsAge 39 yearsDay of transplantationLong-term survivalElectronic medical recordsAvoidance of rejectionEvaluable populationRapid fibrosersHepatitis CASTS Recommended Practice Guidelines for Controlled Donation after Cardiac Death Organ Procurement and Transplantation
Reich DJ, Mulligan DC, Abt PL, Pruett TL, Abecassis MM, D’Alessandro A, Pomfret EA, Freeman RB, Markmann JF, Hanto DW, Matas AJ, Roberts JP, Merion RM, Klintmalm GB, Committee T. ASTS Recommended Practice Guidelines for Controlled Donation after Cardiac Death Organ Procurement and Transplantation. American Journal Of Transplantation 2009, 9: 2004-2011. PMID: 19624569, DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2009.02739.x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsOrgan donationFavorable posttransplant outcomesOrgan acceptance criteriaOrgan procurement organizationsBrain death criteriaBiliary issuesDCD kidneysPancreas transplantationVentilatory supportPosttransplant outcomesCardiac deathTransplant centersIschemia timeDCD protocolsHopeless prognosisMachine perfusionBrain deathTransplant surgeonsOperative techniqueOrgan transplantationPractice guidelinesBest practice guidelinesOrgan procurementDonor characteristicsTransplantationSclerosing peritonitis and mortality after liver transplantation
Mekeel K, Moss A, Reddy KS, Douglas D, Mulligan D. Sclerosing peritonitis and mortality after liver transplantation. Liver Transplantation 2009, 15: 435-439. PMID: 19326414, DOI: 10.1002/lt.21702.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAbdominal PainAdultAscitesBacterial InfectionsCholestasisEndoscopy, Digestive SystemFatal OutcomeHumansIntestinal ObstructionLiver DiseasesLiver TransplantationMaleMalnutritionMiddle AgedParacentesisPeritonitisReoperationRisk FactorsSclerosisTomography, X-Ray ComputedTreatment OutcomeVascular DiseasesConceptsLiver transplantationBowel obstructionRefractory ascitesBacterial peritonitisEnd-stage liver diseasePartial small bowel obstructionMassive refractory ascitesSmall bowel obstructionEpisodes of peritonitisSpontaneous bacterial peritonitisTime of transplantationAbdominal painBiliary obstructionLiver diseasePeritoneal dialysisInferior venaPeritoneal surfaceFibrous peelPeritonitisPatientsTransplantationAscitesObstructionComplicationsEpisodes