Extension of TOPAS for the simulation of proton radiation effects considering molecular and cellular endpoints
Polster L, Schuemann J, Rinaldi I, Burigo L, McNamara AL, Stewart RD, Attili A, Carlson DJ, Sato T, Méndez J, Faddegon B, Perl J, Paganetti H. Extension of TOPAS for the simulation of proton radiation effects considering molecular and cellular endpoints. Physics In Medicine And Biology 2015, 60: 5053-5070. PMID: 26061666, PMCID: PMC4511084, DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/60/13/5053.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsFrequency-mean specific energyProton linear energy transferProton radiation effectsMonte Carlo toolLinear energy transferDelta electronsLineal energyProton RBEBragg peakPhysics parametersRadiobiological experimentsExperimental arrangementEnergy transferTOPASRadiation effectsTrack structureBiological input parametersProton therapyExperimental dataDouble-strand break inductionDNA double-strand break inductionEnergyRBEElectronsSpecific geometry