Differential Neural Responses Evoked by Orthonasal versus Retronasal Odorant Perception in Humans
Small DM, Gerber JC, Mak YE, Hummel T. Differential Neural Responses Evoked by Orthonasal versus Retronasal Odorant Perception in Humans. Neuron 2005, 47: 593-605. PMID: 16102541, DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2005.07.022.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsOrbitofrontal cortexCaudolateral orbitofrontal cortexRoute of deliveryInsula/operculumMedial orbitofrontal cortexPerigenual cingulateOral cavityCentral sulcusDifferential neural responsesRetronasal olfactionRetronasal routeBrain responsesNeural responsesNeural recruitmentDifferential activationPreferential activityCortexOdorant perceptionOrthonasalRetronasalDifferential neural recruitmentDeliveryResponseThalamusHippocampusPerceptual differences between chemical stimuli presented through the ortho‐ or retronasal route
Hummel T, Heilmann S, Landis B, Reden J, Frasnelli J, Small D, Gerber J. Perceptual differences between chemical stimuli presented through the ortho‐ or retronasal route. Flavour And Fragrance Journal 2005, 21: 42-47. DOI: 10.1002/ffj.1700.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchRetronasal presentationChemosensory stimuliOlfactory event-related potentialsFunctional magnetic resonance imagingMagnetic resonance imagingOlfactory receptor neuronsNasal polyposisTrigeminal sensitivityNasal mucosaRespiratory epitheliumClinical observationsCerebral activationTrigeminal stimuliOlfactory epitheliumNasal airflowResonance imagingReceptor neuronsStimulus intensityElectro-olfactogramStimulation techniquesRetronasal routePresentationCertain odorsEpitheliumEvent-related potentials