2021
Kynurenic acid may underlie sex-specific immune responses to COVID-19
Cai Y, Kim DJ, Takahashi T, Broadhurst DI, Yan H, Ma S, Rattray NJW, Casanovas-Massana A, Israelow B, Klein J, Lucas C, Mao T, Moore AJ, Muenker MC, Oh JE, Silva J, Wong P, team Y, Ko AI, Khan SA, Iwasaki A, Johnson CH. Kynurenic acid may underlie sex-specific immune responses to COVID-19. Science Signaling 2021, 14: eabf8483. PMID: 34230210, PMCID: PMC8432948, DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abf8483.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsKynurenic acidImmune responseClinical outcomesSex-specific immune responsesT cell responsesPoor clinical outcomeCOVID-19 patientsCoronavirus disease 2019COVID-19Sex-related differencesMale patientsCytokine abundanceInflammatory cytokinesKynurenine ratioSerum metabolomeDisease 2019Sex-specific linkKynurenine aminotransferaseCell responsesOld malePatientsMalesOutcomesResponseMetabolites
2020
Sex differences in immune responses that underlie COVID-19 disease outcomes
Takahashi T, Ellingson MK, Wong P, Israelow B, Lucas C, Klein J, Silva J, Mao T, Oh JE, Tokuyama M, Lu P, Venkataraman A, Park A, Liu F, Meir A, Sun J, Wang EY, Casanovas-Massana A, Wyllie AL, Vogels CBF, Earnest R, Lapidus S, Ott IM, Moore AJ, Shaw A, Fournier J, Odio C, Farhadian S, Dela Cruz C, Grubaugh N, Schulz W, Ring A, Ko A, Omer S, Iwasaki A. Sex differences in immune responses that underlie COVID-19 disease outcomes. Nature 2020, 588: 315-320. PMID: 32846427, PMCID: PMC7725931, DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2700-3.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsInnate immune cytokinesFemale patientsMale patientsImmune cytokinesDisease outcomeImmune responseCOVID-19COVID-19 disease outcomesPoor T cell responsesSARS-CoV-2 infectionSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirusAcute respiratory syndrome coronavirusSex-based approachModerate COVID-19Sex differencesRobust T cell activationT cell responsesWorse disease progressionWorse disease outcomesHigher plasma levelsNon-classical monocytesCoronavirus disease 2019T cell activationImmunomodulatory medicationsPlasma cytokines