2024
COVID-19 Vaccination Coverage, and Rates of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and COVID-19–Associated Hospitalization Among Residents in Nursing Homes — National Healthcare Safety Network, United States, October 2023–February 2024
Franklin D, Barbre K, Rowe T, Reses H, Massey J, Meng L, Dollard P, Dubendris H, Stillions M, Robinson L, Clerville J, Slifka K, Benin A, Bell J. COVID-19 Vaccination Coverage, and Rates of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and COVID-19–Associated Hospitalization Among Residents in Nursing Homes — National Healthcare Safety Network, United States, October 2023–February 2024. MMWR Morbidity And Mortality Weekly Report 2024, 73: 339-344. PMID: 38635474, PMCID: PMC11037435, DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7315a3.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsCOVID-19COVID-19 VaccinesHospitalizationHumansNursing HomesSARS-CoV-2United StatesVaccinationVaccination CoverageConceptsNursing home residentsNational Healthcare Safety NetworkHome residentsPercentage of facilitiesCOVID-19-associated hospitalizationRates of SARS-CoV-2 infectionSARS-CoV-2 infectionRespiratory virus seasonIncident SARS-CoV-2 infectionProtect nursing home residentsCOVID-19 vaccination coverageWeekly percentageEvidence-based interventionsVaccination coverageEvaluate evidence-based interventionsFacility-level dataSafety NetworkVirus seasonCDC's National Healthcare Safety NetworkWeekly rateSARS-CoV-2Nursing homesNursesCOVID-19Severe COVID-19The National Healthcare Safety Network’s digital quality measures: CDC’s automated measures for surveillance of patient safety
Shehab N, Alschuler L, McILvenna S, Gonzaga Z, Laing A, deRoode D, Dantes R, Betz K, Zheng S, Abner S, Stutler E, Geimer R, Benin A. The National Healthcare Safety Network’s digital quality measures: CDC’s automated measures for surveillance of patient safety. Journal Of The American Medical Informatics Association 2024, 31: 1199-1205. PMID: 38563821, PMCID: PMC11031211, DOI: 10.1093/jamia/ocae064.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsNational Healthcare Safety NetworkFast Healthcare Interoperability ResourcesPublic health surveillancePatient safetyHealth surveillanceHealthcare facility-onset Clostridioides difficile infectionPrevent patient harmQuality measuresBurden of reportingImprove data collectionPatient harmInteroperability ResourcesPublic healthSafety NetworkHealthData collectionValidity of dataClostridioides difficile infectionVenous thromboembolismCollaborative programSurveillanceNationalHealthcareHarmIncreasing speed
2023
Coverage with Influenza, Respiratory Syncytial Virus, and Updated COVID-19 Vaccines Among Nursing Home Residents — National Healthcare Safety Network, United States, December 2023
Reses H, Dubendris H, Haas L, Barbre K, Ananth S, Rowe T, Mothershed E, Hall E, Wiegand R, Lindley M, Meyer S, Patel S, Benin A, Kroop S, Srinivasan A, Bell J. Coverage with Influenza, Respiratory Syncytial Virus, and Updated COVID-19 Vaccines Among Nursing Home Residents — National Healthcare Safety Network, United States, December 2023. MMWR Morbidity And Mortality Weekly Report 2023, 72: 1371-1376. PMID: 38127673, PMCID: PMC10754267, DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7251a3.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsRespiratory syncytial virusNursing home residentsNational Healthcare Safety NetworkRespiratory virus seasonHome residentsVaccination coverageRespiratory virusesSyncytial virusCDC's National Healthcare Safety NetworkCOVID-19COVID-19 vaccination coverageHuman Services (HHS) regionsCOVID-19 vaccineSARS-CoV-2RSV vaccineSevere complicationsRespiratory illnessSevere outcomesNursing homesEligible residentsVaccinationInfluenzaSafety NetworkOlder adultsVaccineInfluenza and Up-to-Date COVID-19 Vaccination Coverage Among Health Care Personnel — National Healthcare Safety Network, United States, 2022–23 Influenza Season
Bell J, Meng L, Barbre K, Haanschoten E, Reses H, Soe M, Edwards J, Massey J, Reddy G, Woods A, Stuckey M, Kuhar D, Bolden K, Dubendris H, Wong E, Rowe T, Lindley M, Kalayil E, Benin A. Influenza and Up-to-Date COVID-19 Vaccination Coverage Among Health Care Personnel — National Healthcare Safety Network, United States, 2022–23 Influenza Season. MMWR Morbidity And Mortality Weekly Report 2023, 72: 1237-1243. PMID: 37943704, PMCID: PMC10651318, DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7245a5.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsNational Healthcare Safety NetworkCOVID-19 vaccination coverageHealth care personnelAcute care hospitalsVaccination coverageCOVID-19 vaccinationCare hospitalNursing homesInfluenza seasonCDC's National Healthcare Safety NetworkVaccine-preventable respiratory diseaseInfluenza vaccination coverageAnnual influenza vaccineHealth care facilitiesEvidence-based strategiesVaccine doseImmunization PracticesInfluenza vaccineRecommended vaccinesPrimary seriesRespiratory diseaseCare personnelCare facilitiesSafety NetworkVaccinationDeclines in Influenza Vaccination Coverage Among Health Care Personnel in Acute Care Hospitals During the COVID-19 Pandemic — United States, 2017–2023
Lymon H, Meng L, Reses H, Barbre K, Dubendris H, Shafi S, Wiegand R, Reddy G, Woods A, Kuhar D, Stuckey M, Lindley M, Haas L, Qureshi I, Wong E, Benin A, Bell J. Declines in Influenza Vaccination Coverage Among Health Care Personnel in Acute Care Hospitals During the COVID-19 Pandemic — United States, 2017–2023. MMWR Morbidity And Mortality Weekly Report 2023, 72: 1244-1247. PMID: 37943698, PMCID: PMC10651322, DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7245a6.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsNational Healthcare Safety NetworkHealth care personnelInfluenza vaccination coverageAcute care hospitalsVaccination coverageCare hospitalInfluenza vaccinationCare personnelCDC's National Healthcare Safety NetworkCOVID-19 pandemicInfluenza-related morbidityEvidence-based strategiesNHSN dataAnnual vaccinationPrepandemic periodVaccinationHospitalInfluenzaPandemicSafety NetworkMorbidityMortality
2022
Effectiveness of a COVID-19 Additional Primary or Booster Vaccine Dose in Preventing SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Nursing Home Residents During Widespread Circulation of the Omicron Variant — United States, February 14–March 27, 2022
Prasad N, Derado G, Nanduri S, Reses H, Dubendris H, Wong E, Soe M, Li Q, Dollard P, Bagchi S, Edwards J, Shang N, Budnitz D, Bell J, Verani J, Benin A, Link-Gelles R, Jernigan J, Pilishvili T. Effectiveness of a COVID-19 Additional Primary or Booster Vaccine Dose in Preventing SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Nursing Home Residents During Widespread Circulation of the Omicron Variant — United States, February 14–March 27, 2022. MMWR Morbidity And Mortality Weekly Report 2022, 71: 633-637. PMID: 35511708, PMCID: PMC9098239, DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7118a4.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsBNT162 VaccineCOVID-19COVID-19 VaccinesHumansMRNA VaccinesNursing HomesSARS-CoV-2United StatesVaccines, SyntheticConceptsNational Healthcare Safety NetworkNursing home residentsPrimary series vaccinationSkilled nursing facilitiesBooster vaccine doseRelative vaccine effectivenessBooster doseVaccine effectivenessHome residentsSeries vaccinationVaccine doseCDC's National Healthcare Safety NetworkPreventing SARS-CoV-2 InfectionCOVID-19COVID-19-associated morbidityEarly COVID-19 vaccinationCOVID-19 vaccine doseSARS-CoV-2 infectionOmicron variant infectionVaccine-induced immunityNursing home staff membersPrimary doseVaccination coverage dataCOVID-19 prevention strategiesCOVID-19 vaccinationSurveillance of COVID-19 Vaccination in Nursing Homes, United States, December 2020–July 2021
Geller A, Budnitz D, Dubendris H, Gharpure R, Soe M, Wu H, Kalayil E, Benin A, Patel S, Lindley M, Link-Gelles R. Surveillance of COVID-19 Vaccination in Nursing Homes, United States, December 2020–July 2021. Public Health Reports 2022, 137: 239-243. PMID: 35125027, PMCID: PMC8900233, DOI: 10.1177/00333549211066168.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsNational Healthcare Safety NetworkNursing home residentsCOVID-19 vaccinationCOVID-19 vaccination coverageVaccination coverageHome residentsLong-term care programsPharmacy PartnershipNursing homesCare programPrevention's National Healthcare Safety NetworkNew nursing home residentsPatient safety policiesVaccine doseAdditional dosesVaccination dataDisease controlVaccinationHigh coverage rateWeeksContinued monitoringPearson correlationStaffCoverage rateSafety Network
2021
Effectiveness of Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna Vaccines in Preventing SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Nursing Home Residents Before and During Widespread Circulation of the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617.2 (Delta) Variant — National Healthcare Safety Network, March 1–August 1, 2021
Nanduri S, Pilishvili T, Derado G, Soe M, Dollard P, Wu H, Li Q, Bagchi S, Dubendris H, Link-Gelles R, Jernigan J, Budnitz D, Bell J, Benin A, Shang N, Edwards J, Verani J, Schrag S. Effectiveness of Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna Vaccines in Preventing SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Nursing Home Residents Before and During Widespread Circulation of the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617.2 (Delta) Variant — National Healthcare Safety Network, March 1–August 1, 2021. MMWR Morbidity And Mortality Weekly Report 2021, 70: 1163-1166. PMID: 34437519, PMCID: PMC8389386, DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7034e3.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAgedCOVID-19COVID-19 VaccinesHumansNursing HomesSARS-CoV-2United StatesVaccines, SyntheticConceptsNational Healthcare Safety NetworkSARS-CoV-2 infectionNursing home residentsLong-term care facility residentsMRNA COVID-19 vaccineCOVID-19 vaccineVaccine effectivenessCare facility residentsHome residentsDelta variantPfizer-BioNTechModerna vaccineMRNA vaccinesFacility residentsNursing homesCDC's National Healthcare Safety NetworkPreventing SARS-CoV-2 InfectionSevere COVID-19-associated outcomesVaccine-induced immunityNursing home staff membersProtective immune responseCOVID-19 prevention strategiesWeekly reportsEmergency use authorizationSkilled nursing facilitiesEcological Analysis of the Decline in Incidence Rates of COVID-19 Among Nursing Home Residents Associated with Vaccination, United States, December 2020-January 2021
Benin A, Soe M, Edwards J, Bagchi S, Link-Gelles R, Schrag S, Herzer K, Verani J, Budnitz D, Nanduri S, Jernigan J, Edens C, Gharpure R, Patel A, Wu H, Golshir B, Jaffe A, Li Q, Srinivasan A, Shulman E, Ling S, Moody-Williams J, Fleisher L, Pollock D, Bell J, Team T. Ecological Analysis of the Decline in Incidence Rates of COVID-19 Among Nursing Home Residents Associated with Vaccination, United States, December 2020-January 2021. Journal Of The American Medical Directors Association 2021, 22: 2009-2015. PMID: 34487687, PMCID: PMC8360974, DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2021.08.004.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsNational Healthcare Safety NetworkNursing home residentsVaccination clinicsPharmacy PartnershipHome residentsLong-term care programsNursing homesCOVID-19 incidenceIncidence rateCOVID-19Care programCDC's National Healthcare Safety NetworkSARS-CoV-2 testingVaccination of residentsInfection prevention practicesCOVID-19 incidence ratesCOVID-19 ratesAdjusted reductionWidespread vaccinationVaccinationWeek 2County incidenceWeek 3Community casesPrevention practicesBuilding an Interactive Geospatial Visualization Application for National Health Care–Associated Infection Surveillance: Development Study
Zheng S, Edwards J, Dudeck M, Patel P, Wattenmaker L, Mirza M, Tejedor S, Lemoine K, Benin A, Pollock D. Building an Interactive Geospatial Visualization Application for National Health Care–Associated Infection Surveillance: Development Study. JMIR Public Health And Surveillance 2021, 7: e23528. PMID: 34328436, PMCID: PMC8367128, DOI: 10.2196/23528.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsWeb-enabled systemModel-based systemData setsClinical quality measurementSpecific health care facilityWeb browserVisualization applicationsUser requirementsIntegrated visualizationUser feedbackVisualization technologyMultiple data setsData analystsAdditional usersPrototype versionSubject matter expertsProduction versionUsersVariety of purposesSafety NetworkData displayAnalytic resourcesDevelopment effortsMatter expertsEvent typesHospital capacities and shortages of healthcare resources among US hospitals during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN), March 27–July 14, 2020
Wu H, Soe M, Konnor R, Dantes R, Haass K, Dudeck M, Gross C, Leaptrot D, Sapiano M, Allen-Bridson K, Wattenmaker L, Peterson K, Lemoine K, Tejedor S, Edwards J, Pollock D, Benin A, Network F. Hospital capacities and shortages of healthcare resources among US hospitals during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN), March 27–July 14, 2020. Infection Control And Hospital Epidemiology 2021, 43: 1473-1476. PMID: 34167599, PMCID: PMC8280389, DOI: 10.1017/ice.2021.280.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsCenters for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S.COVID-19Delivery of Health CareHospitalsHumansPandemicsUnited StatesConceptsNational Healthcare Safety NetworkPrevention's National Healthcare Safety NetworkHospital capacityCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemicDisease 2019 pandemicVentilator usageCase burdenUS hospitalsHealthcare resourcesBed occupancyHealthcare personnelDisease controlSafety NetworkCOVID-19 pandemicHospitalWide variationPandemicImpact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on US Hospitals and Patients, April–July 2020
Sapiano M, Dudeck M, Soe M, Edwards J, O’Leary E, Wu H, Allen-Bridson K, Amor A, Arcement R, Tejedor S, Dantes R, Gross C, Haass K, Konnor R, Kroop S, Leaptrot D, Lemoine K, Nkwata A, Peterson K, Wattenmaker L, Weiner-Lastinger L, Pollock D, Benin A, Team T. Impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on US Hospitals and Patients, April–July 2020. Infection Control And Hospital Epidemiology 2021, 43: 32-39. PMID: 33602380, PMCID: PMC7943952, DOI: 10.1017/ice.2021.69.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsNational Healthcare Safety NetworkPrevention's National Healthcare Safety NetworkSevere acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2COVID-19Hospital surveillance systemProportion of inpatientsCoronavirus disease 2019COVID-19 hospitalizationHospital bed occupancyNumber of inpatientsPublic health responsePatient outcomesNational surveillanceTotal inpatientDisease 2019Inpatient bedsUS hospitalsMechanical ventilatorBed occupancyHealth responsePatient censusDisease controlPandemic magnitudeInpatientsVirus 2Rates of COVID-19 Among Residents and Staff Members in Nursing Homes — United States, May 25–November 22, 2020
Bagchi S, Mak J, Li Q, Sheriff E, Mungai E, Anttila A, Soe M, Edwards J, Benin A, Pollock D, Shulman E, Ling S, Moody-Williams J, Fleisher L, Srinivasan A, Bell J. Rates of COVID-19 Among Residents and Staff Members in Nursing Homes — United States, May 25–November 22, 2020. MMWR Morbidity And Mortality Weekly Report 2021, 70: 52-55. PMID: 33444301, PMCID: PMC7808710, DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7002e2.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsNational Healthcare Safety NetworkNursing home residentsCOVID-19 casesHome residentsHigh riskNursing homesCDC's National Healthcare Safety NetworkCOVID-19Certain underlying medical conditionsSARS-CoV-2 transmissionUnderlying medical conditionsNursing home staff membersCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemicHuman Services (HHS) regionsSARS-CoV-2Disease 2019 pandemicStaff membersHome staff membersCOVID-19 ratesCOVID-19 incidenceHigh-risk exposureSevere outcomesCongregate settingsMedical conditionsGeneral population
2019
Antimicrobial-resistant pathogens associated with pediatric healthcare-associated infections: Summary of data reported to the National Healthcare Safety Network, 2015–2017
Weiner-Lastinger L, Abner S, Benin A, Edwards J, Kallen A, Karlsson M, Magill S, Pollock D, See I, Soe M, Walters M, Dudeck M. Antimicrobial-resistant pathogens associated with pediatric healthcare-associated infections: Summary of data reported to the National Healthcare Safety Network, 2015–2017. Infection Control And Hospital Epidemiology 2019, 41: 19-30. PMID: 31762428, PMCID: PMC8276251, DOI: 10.1017/ice.2019.297.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdolescentAnti-Bacterial AgentsBacterial InfectionsCarbapenemsCatheter-Related InfectionsCatheters, IndwellingCenters for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S.ChildChild, PreschoolCross InfectionDrug Resistance, BacterialEnterococcus faecalisEquipment ContaminationEscherichia coliHospitalsHumansInfantInfant, NewbornKlebsiella pneumoniaePneumonia, Ventilator-AssociatedStaphylococcusSurgical Wound InfectionUnited StatesConceptsPediatric healthcare-associated infectionsNational Healthcare Safety NetworkCentral line-associated bloodstream infectionsSurgical site infectionHealthcare-associated infectionsCatheter-associated urinary tract infectionsVentilator-associated pneumoniaAntimicrobial resistance patternsHAI typesPediatric patientsSurgical categoriesResistance patternsDevice-associated HAIsPrevention's National Healthcare Safety NetworkCardiac surgical site infectionsLine-associated bloodstream infectionsNeonatal intensive care unitAbdominal surgical site infectionUrinary tract infectionIntensive care unitPediatric oncology unitPatient care locationsCoagulase-negative staphylococciAntimicrobial-resistant pathogensTract infections
2007
Risk Factors for Invasive Pneumococcal Disease among Navajo Adults
Watt J, O'Brien K, Benin A, McCoy S, Donaldson C, Reid R, Schuchat A, Zell E, Hochman M, Santosham M, Whitney C. Risk Factors for Invasive Pneumococcal Disease among Navajo Adults. American Journal Of Epidemiology 2007, 166: 1080-1087. PMID: 17693393, DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwm178.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdolescentAdultAgedAlcoholismAnalysis of VarianceBody Mass IndexCase-Control StudiesFemaleHeart FailureHumansIndians, North AmericanKidney Failure, ChronicMaleMiddle AgedMultivariate AnalysisPneumococcal InfectionsPopulation SurveillanceProspective StudiesRisk FactorsSocioeconomic FactorsStreptococcus pneumoniaeSurveys and QuestionnairesUnited StatesConceptsInvasive pneumococcal diseaseChronic renal failureCongestive heart failureBody mass indexNavajo adultsGeneral US populationRisk factorsRenal failureSelf-reported alcohol useHeart failurePneumococcal diseaseMass indexRisk of IPDUS populationAlcohol useActive laboratory surveillanceModifiable risk factorsMedical record reviewPopulation attributable fractionFinal multivariable analysisCase-control studyMultivariable analysisRecord reviewAttributable fractionHigh prevalence
2006
Influenza Vaccination as Secondary Prevention for Cardiovascular Disease
Davis MM, Taubert K, Benin AL, Brown DW, Mensah GA, Baddour LM, Dunbar S, Krumholz HM. Influenza Vaccination as Secondary Prevention for Cardiovascular Disease. Circulation 2006, 114: 1549-1553. PMID: 16982936, DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.106.178242.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCardiovascular diseaseSecondary preventionCardiovascular conditionsInfluenza vaccination coverage levelsInfluenza vaccination coverage ratesComprehensive secondary preventionAtherosclerotic vascular diseaseVaccination coverage ratesRandomized clinical trialsAmerican Heart AssociationVaccination coverage levelsCardiovascular morbidityCause mortalityInfluenza immunizationInfluenza vaccinationCohort studyInfluenza seasonInfluenza vaccineHeart AssociationAnnual vaccinationVascular diseaseClinical trialsAmerican CollegeCardiology practiceAttenuated vaccinesLeveraging the benefits of Health Information Technology to support healthcare delivery model redesign.
Carr K, Bangalore D, Benin A, Holmboe ES. Leveraging the benefits of Health Information Technology to support healthcare delivery model redesign. Journal Of Healthcare Information Management 2006, 20: 31-41. PMID: 16429957.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHealth information technologyInformation technologyNational Health Information NetworkData-sharing toolHealth Information NetworkCommunity-wide implementationElectronic medical record systemInformation networksMedical record systemEMR systemRecord systemModel redesignQuality improvement initiativesLocal healthcare systemOutpatient clinicTechnologyUnderserved patientsEmergency departmentPatient populationClinic locationClinical informationCare programImplementationProvidersCommunity-wide initiatives
2005
Delivering Pneumococcal Vaccine to a High Risk Population: The Navajo Experience
Benin AL, Watt JP, O'Brien KL, Reid R, Zell ER, Katz S, Donaldson C, Schuchat A, Santosham M, Whitney CG. Delivering Pneumococcal Vaccine to a High Risk Population: The Navajo Experience. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics 2005, 1: 66-69. PMID: 17038821, DOI: 10.4161/hv.1.2.1562.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdolescentAdultAgedArizonaCross-Sectional StudiesDelivery of Health CareFemaleHumansImmunization ProgramsIndians, North AmericanMaleMiddle AgedNew MexicoPneumococcal InfectionsPneumococcal VaccinesPopulation SurveillanceRiskSample SizeUnited StatesUnited States Public Health ServiceUtahConceptsIndian Health ServiceVaccine indicationsVaccination programHealth servicesPneumococcal polysaccharide vaccineHealthy People 2010High-risk populationPublic health nursingCross-sectional studyNavajo adultsPneumococcal diseasePneumococcal vaccinePolysaccharide vaccineMedical chartsPreventable diseaseHealth nursingPersons 18Home visitsRisk populationsUniversal health insuranceExcellent delivery systemHealth insuranceNavajo patientsVaccineHigh rate
2003
Effectiveness of the 23-Valent Polysaccharide Vaccine against Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Navajo Adults
Benin AL, O'Brien KL, Watt JP, Reid R, Zell ER, Katz S, Donaldson C, Parkinson A, Schuchat A, Santosham M, Whitney CG. Effectiveness of the 23-Valent Polysaccharide Vaccine against Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Navajo Adults. The Journal Of Infectious Diseases 2003, 188: 81-89. PMID: 12825175, DOI: 10.1086/375782.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsInvasive pneumococcal diseaseOverall vaccine effectivenessNavajo adultsPneumococcal diseaseCase patientsControl patientsPolysaccharide vaccineVaccine effectivenessGeneral United States populationSerious pneumococcal diseasePneumococcal polysaccharide vaccineCohort methodologyUnited States populationCase-control setsActive surveillanceObservational studyMedical conditionsPatientsMedical careDiseaseAdultsDiabetesRegression analysisVaccineAlcoholism
2001
An Outbreak of Travel-Associated Legionnaires Disease and Pontiac Fever: The Need for Enhanced Surveillance of Travel-Associated Legionellosis in the United States
Benin A, Benson R, Arnold K, Fiore A, Cook P, Williams L, Fields B, Besser R. An Outbreak of Travel-Associated Legionnaires Disease and Pontiac Fever: The Need for Enhanced Surveillance of Travel-Associated Legionellosis in the United States. The Journal Of Infectious Diseases 2001, 185: 237-243. PMID: 11807698, DOI: 10.1086/338060.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsLegionnaires' diseasePontiac feverOutbreaks of LDTravel Associated Legionnaires' DiseaseImmunoglobulin M antibodiesLegionella pneumophila serogroup 6Fragment length polymorphism typingIgM seropositivityCohort studyM antibodiesIndex patientsPF casesEnhanced surveillanceSPA exposureOutbreak investigationSerogroup 6DiseaseWhirlpool spaFeverPolymorphism typingOutbreakNew laboratory techniquesLegionellosisSurveillanceEnvironmental investigations