2023
Extensive transmission of SARS-CoV-2 BQ.1* variant in a population with high levels of hybrid immunity: A prevalence survey
Ticona J, Xiao M, Li D, Nery N, Hitchings M, Belitardo E, Fofana M, Victoriano R, Cruz J, de Moraes L, Strobel I, Silva J, do Aragão Filho A, Ribeiro G, Reis M, Costa F, Khouri R, Ko A, Cummings D. Extensive transmission of SARS-CoV-2 BQ.1* variant in a population with high levels of hybrid immunity: A prevalence survey. International Journal Of Infectious Diseases 2023, 139: 159-167. PMID: 38070701, PMCID: PMC10784150, DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2023.11.039.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchEvidence of leaky protection following COVID-19 vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 infection in an incarcerated population
Lind M, Dorion M, Houde A, Lansing M, Lapidus S, Thomas R, Yildirim I, Omer S, Schulz W, Andrews J, Hitchings M, Kennedy B, Richeson R, Cummings D, Ko A. Evidence of leaky protection following COVID-19 vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 infection in an incarcerated population. Nature Communications 2023, 14: 5055. PMID: 37598213, PMCID: PMC10439918, DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40750-8.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSARS-CoV-2 infectionPrior infectionHybrid immunityInfection riskCOVID-19 vaccinationNon-pharmaceutical interventionsInfected residentsVaccinationInfectionDocumented exposureDelta periodCell exposureIncarcerated populationsExposureImmunityRiskAssociationPotential benefitsCorrectional facilitiesCrowded settingsResidentsPeriodSARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines decouple anti-viral immunity from humoral autoimmunity
Jaycox J, Lucas C, Yildirim I, Dai Y, Wang E, Monteiro V, Lord S, Carlin J, Kita M, Buckner J, Ma S, Campbell M, Ko A, Omer S, Lucas C, Speake C, Iwasaki A, Ring A. SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines decouple anti-viral immunity from humoral autoimmunity. Nature Communications 2023, 14: 1299. PMID: 36894554, PMCID: PMC9996559, DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36686-8.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsVaccine-associated myocarditisAutoimmune patientsAutoantibody reactivitySARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccinationVaccine-related adverse effectsSARS-CoV-2 immunitySARS-CoV-2 infectionAcute COVID-19Development of autoantibodiesCOVID-19 patientsAnti-viral immunityVirus-specific antibodiesCOVID-19 vaccineCOVID-19Humoral autoimmunityMRNA vaccinationAutoantibody responsePost vaccinationAutoantibody developmentAutoimmune diseasesHumoral responseHealthy individualsPatientsAntigen profilingAdverse effects
2022
Use of Whole-Genome Sequencing to Estimate the Contribution of Immune Evasion and Waning Immunity on Decreasing COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness
Lind M, Copin R, McCarthy S, Coppi A, Warner F, Ferguson D, Duckwall C, Borg R, Muenker M, Overton J, Hamon S, Zhou A, Cummings D, Ko A, Hamilton J, Schulz W, Hitchings M. Use of Whole-Genome Sequencing to Estimate the Contribution of Immune Evasion and Waning Immunity on Decreasing COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness. The Journal Of Infectious Diseases 2022, 227: 663-674. PMID: 36408616, DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiac453.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsCase-Control StudiesCOVID-19COVID-19 VaccinesHepatitis DHumansImmune EvasionSARS-CoV-2Vaccine EfficacyConceptsVaccine effectivenessImmune evasionDelta infectionVE estimatesSecond doseTest-negative case-control studySevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2Acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2Whole-genome sequencingCOVID-19 vaccine effectivenessRespiratory syndrome coronavirus 2Syndrome coronavirus 2Case-control studyCoronavirus 2Calendar periodDelta variantInfectionDoseEvasionDaysLow effectivenessImmunityVariantsEffectiveness of an inactivated Covid-19 vaccine with homologous and heterologous boosters against Omicron in Brazil
Ranzani OT, Hitchings MDT, de Melo RL, de França GVA, Fernandes CFR, Lind ML, Torres MSS, Tsuha DH, David LCS, Said RFC, Almiron M, de Oliveira RD, Cummings DAT, Dean NE, Andrews JR, Ko AI, Croda J. Effectiveness of an inactivated Covid-19 vaccine with homologous and heterologous boosters against Omicron in Brazil. Nature Communications 2022, 13: 5536. PMID: 36202800, PMCID: PMC9537178, DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33169-0.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultBNT162 VaccineBrazilCase-Control StudiesCOVID-19COVID-19 VaccinesHumansVaccines, InactivatedChange in covid-19 risk over time following vaccination with CoronaVac: test negative case-control study
Hitchings MDT, Ranzani OT, Lind ML, Dorion M, D'Agostini TL, de Paula RC, de Paula OFP, de Moura Villela EF, Scaramuzzini Torres MS, de Oliveira SB, Schulz W, Almiron M, Said R, de Oliveira RD, Vieira da Silva P, de Araújo WN, Gorinchteyn JC, Dean NE, Andrews JR, Cummings DAT, Ko AI, Croda J. Change in covid-19 risk over time following vaccination with CoronaVac: test negative case-control study. The BMJ 2022, 377: e070102. PMID: 35697361, PMCID: PMC9189440, DOI: 10.1136/bmj-2022-070102.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdolescentAdultBrazilCase-Control StudiesCOVID-19COVID-19 TestingCOVID-19 VaccinesHumansSARS-CoV-2VaccinationVaccinesConceptsSymptomatic COVID-19Negative case-control studyCase-control studyHospital admissionOdds ratioCOVID-19Series completionCovid-19 related hospital admissionReverse transcription polymerase chain reaction testingTranscription polymerase chain reaction testingSevere COVID-19 outcomesSARS-CoV-2 infectionPolymerase chain reaction testingInactivated whole virus vaccineDoses of CoronaVacAcute respiratory illnessTest-negative controlsWhole virus vaccineRelated hospital admissionsHealthcare worker statusConditional logistic regressionCOVID-19 outcomesCOVID-19 symptomsMunicipality of residenceSARS-CoV-2Omicron-specific mRNA vaccination alone and as a heterologous booster against SARS-CoV-2
Fang Z, Peng L, Filler R, Suzuki K, McNamara A, Lin Q, Renauer PA, Yang L, Menasche B, Sanchez A, Ren P, Xiong Q, Strine M, Clark P, Lin C, Ko AI, Grubaugh ND, Wilen CB, Chen S. Omicron-specific mRNA vaccination alone and as a heterologous booster against SARS-CoV-2. Nature Communications 2022, 13: 3250. PMID: 35668119, PMCID: PMC9169595, DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30878-4.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHeterologous boosterSARS-CoV-2Antibody responseMRNA vaccinesMRNA vaccinationDelta variantOmicron variantType of vaccinationStrong antibody responseMRNA vaccine candidatesVaccine candidatesNeutralization potencyImmune evasionSARS-CoV.Two weeksComparable titersVaccinationVaccineTiters 10MiceOmicronWeeksWA-1LNP-mRNABoosterUse of Recently Vaccinated Individuals to Detect Bias in Test-Negative Case–Control Studies of COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness
Hitchings MDT, Lewnard JA, Dean NE, Ko AI, Ranzani OT, Andrews JR, Cummings DAT. Use of Recently Vaccinated Individuals to Detect Bias in Test-Negative Case–Control Studies of COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness. Epidemiology 2022, 33: 450-456. PMID: 35384900, PMCID: PMC9148635, DOI: 10.1097/ede.0000000000001484.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCOVID-19 vaccine effectivenessVaccine effectivenessNegative control exposureObservational studyControl exposurePhase III trialsTest-negative studiesTest-negative casesVaccine effectiveness estimatesCOVID-19 vaccineDemonstration of efficacyCOVID-19 riskIII trialsUnvaccinated individualsClinical trialsControl studyStudy designEffectiveness estimatesCareful study designUnmeasured confoundingSelection biasTrialsConfoundingExposureIndividualsEffectiveness of CoronaVac, ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, BNT162b2, and Ad26.COV2.S among individuals with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection in Brazil: a test-negative, case-control study
Cerqueira-Silva T, Andrews JR, Boaventura VS, Ranzani OT, de Araújo Oliveira V, Paixão ES, Júnior JB, Machado TM, Hitchings MDT, Dorion M, Lind ML, Penna GO, Cummings DAT, Dean NE, Werneck GL, Pearce N, Barreto ML, Ko AI, Croda J, Barral-Netto M. Effectiveness of CoronaVac, ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, BNT162b2, and Ad26.COV2.S among individuals with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection in Brazil: a test-negative, case-control study. The Lancet Infectious Diseases 2022, 22: 791-801. PMID: 35366959, PMCID: PMC8971277, DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(22)00140-2.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAd26COVS1BNT162 VaccineBrazilCase-Control StudiesChAdOx1 nCoV-19COVID-19COVID-19 VaccinesHumansSARS-CoV-2ConceptsPrevious SARS-CoV-2 infectionSARS-CoV-2 infectionChAdOx1 nCoV-19Negative RT-PCR testRT-PCR testVaccine series completionCase-control studySymptomatic infectionCOVID-19 vaccineNCoV-19Symptomatic illnessVaccine seriesSecond doseSevere outcomesSeries completionTwo-dose vaccine seriesPositive RT-PCR testInitial SARS-CoV-2 infectionMultivariable conditional logistic regressionCOVID-19Effectiveness of CoronaVacFull vaccine seriesMore daysOdds of hospitalisationSymptomatic COVID-19Neutralizing antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron variants following heterologous CoronaVac plus BNT162b2 booster vaccination
Pérez-Then E, Lucas C, Monteiro VS, Miric M, Brache V, Cochon L, Vogels CBF, Malik AA, De la Cruz E, Jorge A, De los Santos M, Leon P, Breban MI, Billig K, Yildirim I, Pearson C, Downing R, Gagnon E, Muyombwe A, Razeq J, Campbell M, Ko AI, Omer SB, Grubaugh ND, Vermund SH, Iwasaki A. Neutralizing antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron variants following heterologous CoronaVac plus BNT162b2 booster vaccination. Nature Medicine 2022, 28: 481-485. PMID: 35051990, PMCID: PMC8938264, DOI: 10.1038/s41591-022-01705-6.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTwo-dose regimenOmicron variantVaccine boosterMRNA vaccinesNeutralization activityDelta variantTwo-dose mRNA vaccinesVirus-specific antibody levelsSARS-CoV-2 Omicron variantMRNA vaccine boosterNeutralization of OmicronNumerous spike mutationsSARS-CoV-2 DeltaPotent neutralization activityInfection-induced immunityCOVID-19 vaccineBNT162b2 boosterBooster vaccinationPrime vaccinationAntibody levelsAntibody titersHumoral immunityImmune escapeInactivated vaccinesVaccine
2021
Effectiveness of ChAdOx1 vaccine in older adults during SARS-CoV-2 Gamma variant circulation in São Paulo
Hitchings MDT, Ranzani OT, Dorion M, D’Agostini T, de Paula RC, de Paula OFP, de Moura Villela EF, Torres MSS, de Oliveira SB, Schulz W, Almiron M, Said R, de Oliveira RD, Silva PV, de Araújo WN, Gorinchteyn JC, Andrews JR, Cummings DAT, Ko AI, Croda J. Effectiveness of ChAdOx1 vaccine in older adults during SARS-CoV-2 Gamma variant circulation in São Paulo. Nature Communications 2021, 12: 6220. PMID: 34711813, PMCID: PMC8553924, DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26459-6.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAgedBrazilCase-Control StudiesCOVID-19COVID-19 VaccinesFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedSARS-CoV-2ConceptsSingle doseOxford-AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccineTest-negative case-control studySevere COVID-19 outcomesCOVID-19COVID-19-related deathsTwo-dose scheduleTwo-dose regimenCase-control studyCOVID-19 outcomesInter-dose intervalCOVID-19 hospitalizationCOVID-19 vaccineSARS-CoV-2ChAdOx1 vaccinePrimary endpointSecondary endpointsFirst doseSecond doseHigh prevalenceElderly individualsElderly populationVariant prevalenceVaccine supplyHospitalizationEffectiveness of the CoronaVac vaccine in older adults during a gamma variant associated epidemic of covid-19 in Brazil: test negative case-control study
Ranzani OT, Hitchings MDT, Dorion M, D'Agostini TL, de Paula RC, de Paula OFP, Villela EFM, Torres MSS, de Oliveira SB, Schulz W, Almiron M, Said R, de Oliveira RD, Vieira da Silva P, de Araújo WN, Gorinchteyn JC, Andrews JR, Cummings DAT, Ko AI, Croda J. Effectiveness of the CoronaVac vaccine in older adults during a gamma variant associated epidemic of covid-19 in Brazil: test negative case-control study. The BMJ 2021, 374: n2015. PMID: 34417194, PMCID: PMC8377801, DOI: 10.1136/bmj.n2015.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSymptomatic COVID-19Negative case-control studyCase-control studyHospital admissionVaccine effectivenessSecond doseDose regimenElderly populationCOVID-19Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction testingTranscription polymerase chain reaction testingPolymerase chain reaction testingGamma variantInactivated whole virus vaccineAdjusted vaccine effectivenessTest-negative controlsWhole virus vaccineCOVID-19 statusCOVID-19 symptomsYounger age groupsMunicipality of residenceSARS-CoV-2RT-PCR testSelf-reported raceCoronaVac vaccineDelayed production of neutralizing antibodies correlates with fatal COVID-19
Lucas C, Klein J, Sundaram ME, Liu F, Wong P, Silva J, Mao T, Oh JE, Mohanty S, Huang J, Tokuyama M, Lu P, Venkataraman A, Park A, Israelow B, Vogels CBF, Muenker MC, Chang CH, Casanovas-Massana A, Moore AJ, Zell J, Fournier JB, Wyllie A, Campbell M, Lee A, Chun H, Grubaugh N, Schulz W, Farhadian S, Dela Cruz C, Ring A, Shaw A, Wisnewski A, Yildirim I, Ko A, Omer S, Iwasaki A. Delayed production of neutralizing antibodies correlates with fatal COVID-19. Nature Medicine 2021, 27: 1178-1186. PMID: 33953384, PMCID: PMC8785364, DOI: 10.1038/s41591-021-01355-0.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsDeceased patientsAntibody levelsAntibody responseDisease severityAnti-S IgG levelsCOVID-19 disease outcomesFatal COVID-19Impaired viral controlWorse clinical progressionWorse disease severitySevere COVID-19Length of hospitalizationImmunoglobulin G levelsHumoral immune responseCoronavirus disease 2019COVID-19 mortalityCOVID-19Domain (RBD) IgGSeroconversion kineticsDisease courseIgG levelsClinical parametersClinical progressionHumoral responseDisease onset