Intratumor spatial heterogeneity in programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) protein expression in early-stage breast cancer
Kahn A, Golestani R, Harigopal M, Pusztai L. Intratumor spatial heterogeneity in programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) protein expression in early-stage breast cancer. Breast Cancer Research And Treatment 2023, 201: 289-298. PMID: 37378695, DOI: 10.1007/s10549-023-06977-1.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTriple-negative breast cancerPD-L1 expressionBreast cancerPD-L1Metastatic triple-negative breast cancerPD-L1 positive casesEarly-stage breast cancerPD-L1 protein expressionImmune checkpoint inhibitorsPD-L1 positivityPD-L1 statusProtein expressionWhole study populationPrimary breast tumorsNegative breast cancerConcordant negative resultsCheckpoint inhibitorsMultiple biopsiesPositive cancersCohen's kappa coefficientStudy populationE1L3N antibodyDiscordance rateBreast tumorsPositive cases