Adjunct faculty typically have an academic or research appointment at another institution and contribute or collaborate with one or more School of Medicine faculty members or programs.
Adjunct rank detailsCarine Sakr, MD, MPH
Assistant Professor AdjunctAbout
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Titles
Assistant Professor Adjunct
Biography
Carine J. Sakr is an Assistant Professor of Medicine, adjunct, at the Yale School of Medicine.
Dr. Sakr earned her medical degree from Saint Joseph University in Beirut, Lebanon and her public health degree from Yale. She completed her Internal Medicine Residency at Cooper Hospital, University Medical Center in Camden, New Jersey and her Occupational and Environmental Medicine Fellowship at the Yale School of Medicine. She is American Board certified in Internal Medicine and Occupational & Environmental Medicine.
Dr. Sakr conducted many research studies evaluating occupational and environmental exposures and their adverse health effects among different populations. She was the program director of the Yale Occupational and Environmental Medicine Fellowship training and lectured at the Yale School of Public Health. Dr. Sakr was the Occupational Health Services Chief at VA CT Healthcare Center and an Assistant Professor of Medicine at Yale (Occupational & Environmental Medicine). She subsequently worked at the Ministry of Health and Prevention of the United Arab Emirates, where she was the acting director of the Visiting Consultants Office and a consultant in Occupational Medicine.
In January 2018, Dr. Sakr relocated to Lebanon and joined the American University of Beirut (AUB) where she is currently the Director of Employee Health and an Associate Professor of Medicine. Her research interests include environmental and occupational exposure assessment as well as occupational health and safety of healthcare workers. In February 2020 she was appointed as the chair of the Expert Committee on COVID-19 at AUB. She was later appointed as the co-chair of the COVID-19 Vaccination Group and was heavily involved in the University and Medical Center’s preparedness and response to the COVID-19 pandemic. She was also the Principal Investigator of a USAID funded project at AUB: a Nation Wide Approach to Respond to the COVID-19 Spread in Lebanon.
Dr. Sakr is a Co-PI on the AUB-Yale NIH funded Global Environmental and Occupational Health Research and Training Hub for the MENA Region (GEO-Health MENA).
Appointments
Occupational & Environmental Medicine Program
Assistant Professor AdjunctPrimary
Other Departments & Organizations
Education & Training
- Fellow
- Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven CT (2006)
- MPH
- Yale School of Public Health (2005)
- Resident
- Cooper Hospital, University Medical Center, Camden NJ (2003)
- MD
- Saint Joseph University (1999)
Research
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Overview
Dr Sakr conducted research on workers with specific exposures and tried to evaluate whether their occupational exposures resulted in adverse health effects. She studied a group of employees who were exposed to biopersistant chemicals and evaluated the effects of their exposure on health parameters (lipids, liver enzymes, etc) and other endpoints such as ischemic heart disease and mortality. She also evaluated a cluster of adverse pregancy outcomes among a group of Aluminum Smelter workers.
She evaluated low back pain in a cohort of Veterans who were deployed in the Gulf War.
She worked on multiple initiatives to improve health and safety of healthcare workers at VA CT (improving flu immunization among employees, decreasing rates of work-related injuries, etc).
She is interested in the health and safety of healthcare professionals.
Medical Research Interests
Public Health Interests
ORCID
0000-0003-0776-3230
Research at a Glance
Yale Co-Authors
Publications Timeline
Research Interests
Sarah Assaf
Hani Mowafi, MD, MPH
Martin Slade, MPH, PhD
Carrie A Redlich, MD, MPH, BA
Alexandria Brackett, MLIS, AHIP, MA
Occupational Exposure
Publications
2026
Adolescent mortality in Lebanon (2017–2022): Trends, causes, and policy implications
Naja C, Al-Hajj S, Sakr C, Harb H, Adib S. Adolescent mortality in Lebanon (2017–2022): Trends, causes, and policy implications. Public Health In Practice 2026, 11: 100700. DOI: 10.1016/j.puhip.2025.100700.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPatterns of cause-specific mortalityExternal causesWHO standard populationCause-specific mortalityMethods Mortality dataTemporal trendsAge-specific mortalityHigh-risk populationInjury preventionNational-level dataStandard populationExternal deathsPopulation denominatorsMortality dataAdolescent mortalityPoisson regressionRate ratiosCause of deathCirculatory causesICD-10Male mortalityConclusions MortalityPrevent mortalityYoung adultsFemale mortality
2025
Occupational injury severity among healthcare workers: a retrospective study
Khairallah G, Al-Hajj S, Mowafi H, Rahme D, Sakr C. Occupational injury severity among healthcare workers: a retrospective study. BMC Public Health 2025, 25: 1447. PMID: 40247310, PMCID: PMC12004751, DOI: 10.1186/s12889-025-22727-y.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCitationsMeSH Keywords and ConceptsConceptsInjury severityDeterminants of injury severityOccupant injury severityRisk of sustaining injuriesExposure to harmful substancesAssociated with more severe injuriesMore severe injuriesInjury reportsTransport injuriesModified workComprehensive safetyEmergency departmentOpening hoursWellness programsClinic opening hoursIncident reportsSevere injuriesMethodsThis retrospective cross-sectional studyCross-sectional studyWorkersRetrospective cross-sectional studyTertiary care hospitalED visitsAssociated with ageBackgroundHealthcare workersAbsenteeism Among Healthcare Workers: Job Grade and Other Factors That Matter in Sickness Absence
Sakr C, Fakih L, Musharrafieh U, Khairallah G, Makki M, Doudakian R, Tamim H, Redlich C, Slade M, Rahme D. Absenteeism Among Healthcare Workers: Job Grade and Other Factors That Matter in Sickness Absence. International Journal Of Environmental Research And Public Health 2025, 22: 127. PMID: 39857580, PMCID: PMC11764580, DOI: 10.3390/ijerph22010127.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCitationsMeSH Keywords and ConceptsConceptsSick leave episodesHealthcare workersSick leavePredictors of sick leaveHealth-related predictorsPoor health outcomesHigher sickness absenteeismJob gradeNegative binomial regression analysisAdequate patient careBinomial regression analysisHealth inequalitiesHealth outcomesHealth recordsSickness absenceDisrupt workflowPatient careTertiary medical centerSickness absenteeismWork-relatedSocio-economic factorsMedical conditionsMedical CenterFemale sexInvestigate predictorsOccupational injuries among healthcare workers and objective workload at a tertiary hospital in Lebanon: a retrospective study
Khairallah G, Al-Hajj S, Mowafi H, El-Asmar K, Rahme D, Sakr C. Occupational injuries among healthcare workers and objective workload at a tertiary hospital in Lebanon: a retrospective study. BMJ Public Health 2025, 3: e001586. PMID: 40134539, PMCID: PMC11934406, DOI: 10.1136/bmjph-2024-001586.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCitationsConceptsOccupational injuriesInjury ratesBurden of occupational injuriesMonthly injury ratesHighest injury rateHealthcare worker injuriesHealthcare workersInjury trendsHospital employeesRisk of injuryHuman resourcesOccupational riskAbsenteeism dataAssociated with workloadCOVID-19 pandemicHealthcare worker shortageIncident reportsRegistered NursesEconomic collapseWorkload measuresPatient loadLinear regression modelsWorkersEmployeesSocio-economic factors
2024
Barriers and Facilitators for the Use of Patient Lifts by Healthcare Workers: A Scoping Review
Khairallah G, Mowafi H, Al-Hajj S, Brackett A, Sakr C. Barriers and Facilitators for the Use of Patient Lifts by Healthcare Workers: A Scoping Review. International Journal Of Environmental Research And Public Health 2024, 21: 1659. PMID: 39767498, PMCID: PMC11675142, DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21121659.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCitationsConceptsHealthcare workersPatient liftSafe Patient Handling ProgramPatient handling programsGlobal Health (OvidPromoting Health InterventionsBehavioral factorsAcute care hospitalsWorker-related factorsOrganizational factorsMiddle-income countriesEnhanced organizational supportWeb of Science-Core CollectionIdentified facilitatorsHealth interventionsScoping ReviewIdentified barriersEquipment-relatedThematic analysisGrey literatureMoving patientsElectronic databasesSafety cultureCare hospitalHealthcareWaterpipe Smoking and Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Degeneration: A Pilot Study
Ishak H, Sunna T, Assaf S, Banna H, Khouzami R, Wang Z, Zaatari G, Rahme D, Sakr C. Waterpipe Smoking and Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Degeneration: A Pilot Study. Global Spine Journal 2024, 15: 2102-2108. PMID: 39284189, PMCID: PMC11559799, DOI: 10.1177/21925682241286451.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCitations“I Got Stuck!” Blood Exposure in the OR: Prevention and Management of Sharp Injuries and Infectious Disease Exposure
Ballouz T, Sakr C, Rizk N. “I Got Stuck!” Blood Exposure in the OR: Prevention and Management of Sharp Injuries and Infectious Disease Exposure. 2024, 339-356. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-41089-5_21.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchEstablishing an Employee Assistance Program at a Tertiary Healthcare Center in a Time of Multiple Crises: The Experience of the American University of Beirut Medical Center
Khairallah G, Mowafi H, Ayna D, Sakr C. Establishing an Employee Assistance Program at a Tertiary Healthcare Center in a Time of Multiple Crises: The Experience of the American University of Beirut Medical Center. Journal Of Workplace Behavioral Health 2024, 40: 124-134. PMID: 40529637, PMCID: PMC12169891, DOI: 10.1080/15555240.2024.2346328.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCitationsConceptsAmerican University of Beirut Medical CenterActive engagement strategiesMental health servicesPrimary care physiciansMedical CenterIndividual counseling sessionsRisk of occupational stressCare physiciansTertiary healthcare centerHealth servicesTraditional referralsParticipant characteristicsGroup sessionsCounseling sessionsHealthcare centersEmployee assistance programsHealthcare workersOccupational stressInsurance coverageEngagement strategiesSocioeconomic collapseIncreased riskAssistance programsSessionsCOVID-19 pandemicHospitals’ Collaborations Strengthen Pandemic Preparedness: Lessons Learnt from COVID-19
. Hospitals’ Collaborations Strengthen Pandemic Preparedness: Lessons Learnt from COVID-19. Healthcare 2024, 12: 321. PMID: 38338207, PMCID: PMC10855495, DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12030321.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCitations
2023
Risk Factors for SARS-CoV-2 Among a Cohort of Healthcare Workers in Lebanon
Sakr C, Hassan F, Fakih L, Hamdan M, Assaf S, Rahme D, Melhem N. Risk Factors for SARS-CoV-2 Among a Cohort of Healthcare Workers in Lebanon. Workplace Health & Safety 2023, 72: 48-59. PMID: 38158826, DOI: 10.1177/21650799231214234.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCitationsMeSH Keywords and ConceptsConceptsHealthcare workersAmerican University of Beirut Medical CenterCross-sectional sampleRisk factorsEnzyme-linked immunoassaySample of healthcare workersSARS-CoV-2High riskSubstantial risk of infectionSubstantial riskCohort of healthcare workersUnvaccinated healthcare workersAssociated with COVID-19 infectionHigh risk of exposureSocio-DemographicExposure to SARS-CoV-2Infection control policiesAnti-S IgG titersPPE trainingTertiary hospitalMedical doctorsRisk of infectionSARS-CoV-2 exposureWorkplace exposuresMedical Center
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