2022
Acute pancreatitis precedes chronic pancreatitis in the majority of patients: Results from the NAPS2 consortium
Singh V, Whitcomb D, Banks P, AlKaade S, Anderson M, Amann S, Brand R, Conwell D, Cote G, Gardner T, Gelrud A, Guda N, Forsmark C, Lewis M, Sherman S, Muniraj T, Romagnuolo J, Tan X, Tang G, Sandhu B, Slivka A, Wilcox C, Yadav D, Wilcox C, Guda N, Banks P, Conwell D, Lo S, Gelrud A, Gardner T, Baillie J, Forsmark C, Muniraj T, Sherman S, Singh V, Lewis M, Romagnuolo J, Hawes R, Cote G, Lawrence C, Anderson M, Amann S, Etemad B, DeMeo M, Kochman M, Abberbock J, Barmada M, Bauer E, Brand R, Kennard E, LaRusch J, O'Connell M, Stello K, Slivka A, Talluri J, Tang G, Whitcomb D, Wisniewski S, Yadav D, Burton F, AlKaade S, DiSario J, Sandhu B, Money M, Steinberg W. Acute pancreatitis precedes chronic pancreatitis in the majority of patients: Results from the NAPS2 consortium. Pancreatology 2022, 22: 1091-1098. PMID: 36404201, PMCID: PMC10122210, DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2022.10.004.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsDiagnosis of CPAcute pancreatitisChronic pancreatitisCP diagnosisAP patientsAssociation of APNorth American Pancreatitis StudiesMajority of patientsMultivariable logistic regressionDisease-related factorsNorth American cohortClinical acute pancreatitisAP episodeAbdominal painSecondary preventionMultivariable analysisExocrine insufficiencyPancreatic atrophyMore episodesUS CentersWhite raceLower oddsPatientsAmerican cohortPancreatitis
2021
Autoimmunity May Explain Diabetes in a Subset of Patients With Recurrent Acute and Chronic Pancreatitis: A Pilot Study
Yadav D, Whitcomb D, Tang G, Slivka A, Bellin M, Consortium N, AlKaade S, Amann S, Anderson M, Banks P, Conwell D, Brand R, Cote G, Romagnuolo J, Forsmark C, Gardner T, Gelrud A, Guda N, Lewis M, Muniraj T, Sandhu B, Sherman S, Singh V, Wilcox C. Autoimmunity May Explain Diabetes in a Subset of Patients With Recurrent Acute and Chronic Pancreatitis: A Pilot Study. Clinical Gastroenterology And Hepatology 2021, 21: 226-228.e1. PMID: 34793964, DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2021.11.011.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsChronic pancreatitisCytokine-induced beta-cell dysfunctionPancreatogenic diabetes mellitusPrimary pathophysiologic defectType 3c diabetesSubset of patientsBeta-cell dysfunctionRecurrent AcuteGlucose intoleranceDiabetes mellitusPathophysiologic defectsFibrotic changesInsulin deficiencyCell dysfunctionExocrine pancreasPilot studyPancreatitisMellitusAcuteDiabetesInflammationPatientsDysfunctionInjuryPancreasPain Experience in Pancreatitis: Strong Association of Genetic Risk Loci for Anxiety and PTSD in Patients With Severe, Constant, and Constant-Severe Pain
Dunbar EK, Greer PJ, Amann ST, Alkaade S, Banks P, Brand R, Conwell DL, Forsmark CE, Gardner TB, Guda NM, Lewis MD, Machicado JD, Muniraj T, Papachristou GI, Romagnuolo J, Sandhu BS, Sherman S, Slivka A, Wilcox CM, Yadav D, Whitcomb DC, Consortium F. Pain Experience in Pancreatitis: Strong Association of Genetic Risk Loci for Anxiety and PTSD in Patients With Severe, Constant, and Constant-Severe Pain. The American Journal Of Gastroenterology 2021, 116: 2128-2136. PMID: 34236339, PMCID: PMC8531869, DOI: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000001366.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPost-traumatic stress disorderChronic pancreatitisSevere painPain experienceThird of patientsPain management strategiesIdentification of patientsAbsence of painInflammatory syndromePain patternsCP patientsPain categoriesPain locusStudy cohortAcute pancreatitisAdrenal axisCP subjectsPainGenetic predispositionPatientsPsychiatric conditionsGenetic risk lociPTSD riskPancreatitisStress disorder
2020
S0066 Trends and Socioeconomic Health Outcomes of Cannabis Use Among Patients With Chronic Pancreatitis
McCarty T, Chouairi F, Sharma P, Hathorn K, Muniraj T, Thompson C. S0066 Trends and Socioeconomic Health Outcomes of Cannabis Use Among Patients With Chronic Pancreatitis. The American Journal Of Gastroenterology 2020, 115: s31-s32. DOI: 10.14309/01.ajg.0000702312.62798.a5.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchLow serum trypsinogen levels in chronic pancreatitis: Correlation with parenchymal loss, exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, and diabetes but not CT-based cambridge severity scores for fibrosis
Zhan W, Akshintala V, Greer PJ, Greer JB, Alkaade S, Anderson MA, Muniraj T, Papachristou GI, Sandhu BS, Slivka A, Wilcox CM, Bellin MD, Singh VK, Yadav D, Brand RE, Whitcomb DC, Group F. Low serum trypsinogen levels in chronic pancreatitis: Correlation with parenchymal loss, exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, and diabetes but not CT-based cambridge severity scores for fibrosis. Pancreatology 2020, 20: 1368-1378. PMID: 32967795, DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2020.08.025.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSerum trypsinogen levelsChronic pancreatitisTrypsinogen levelsAcinar cell functionCP patientsParenchymal lossCell functionComplex inflammatory disorderExocrine pancreatic insufficiencyCT-based criteriaNAPS2 studySerum trypsinogenAcinar cell lossSurgical resectionFinal cohortInflammatory cellsInflammatory disordersControl subjectsSeverity scoreClinical managementPancreatic insufficiencyStellate cellsNormal rangeCell lossIslet cellsIncreased awareness enhances physician recognition of the role of smoking in chronic pancreatitis
Muniraj T, Yadav D, Abberbock J, Alkaade S, Amann S, Anderson M, Banks P, Brand R, Conwell D, Cote G, Forsmark C, Gardner T, Gelrud A, Guda N, Lewis M, Romagnuolo J, Sandhu B, Sherman S, Singh V, Slivka A, Tang G, Whitcomb D, Wilcox C. Increased awareness enhances physician recognition of the role of smoking in chronic pancreatitis. Herald Of Pancreatic Club 2020, 48: 23-31. DOI: 10.33149/vkp.2020.03.04.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCP risk factorsPack/dayRisk factorsPhysician recognitionSmoking statusAS studiesIdentification of smokingPancreatitis risk factorsRole of smokingRisk of CPPhysician questionnairesStructured patientAlcohol etiologyCP patientsPast smokersChronic pancreatitisMultivariable analysisSmoking ratesUS CentersSmokingEmpiric dataPatientsPhysiciansWide-spread disseminationEtiologyConstant-severe pain in chronic pancreatitis is associated with genetic loci for major depression in the NAPS2 cohort
Dunbar E, Greer PJ, Melhem N, Alkaade S, Amann ST, Brand R, Coté GA, Forsmark CE, Gardner TB, Gelrud A, Guda NM, LaRusch J, Lewis MD, Machicado JD, Muniraj T, Papachristou GI, Romagnuolo J, Sandhu BS, Sherman S, Wilcox CM, Singh VK, Yadav D, Whitcomb DC. Constant-severe pain in chronic pancreatitis is associated with genetic loci for major depression in the NAPS2 cohort. Journal Of Gastroenterology 2020, 55: 1000-1009. PMID: 32681239, PMCID: PMC9124361, DOI: 10.1007/s00535-020-01703-w.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsConstant severe painRecurrent acute pancreatitisChronic pancreatitisDepression-associated genesCP patientsPain severityAntidepressant usePancreatitis patientsPain experienceProspective randomized trialsAntidepressant medication usePattern of painCase report formsChronic opioidsIslet autotransplantationAntidepressant therapyTotal pancreatectomyMedication usePain managementRandomized trialsCounseling patientsRetrospective studyAcute pancreatitisClinical trialsMajor depressionDifferences in Age at Onset of Symptoms, and Effects of Genetic Variants, in Patients With Early vs Late-Onset Idiopathic Chronic Pancreatitis in a North American Cohort
Lewis MD, Talluri J, Wilcox CM, Abberbock JN, Tang G, Conwell DL, Banks PA, Cote GA, Sherman S, Alkaade S, Gardner TB, Anderson MA, Sandhu BS, Muniraj T, Forsmark CE, Guda N, Gelrud A, Romagnuolo J, Brand R, LaRusch J, Amann ST, Slivka A, Whitcomb DC, Yadav D. Differences in Age at Onset of Symptoms, and Effects of Genetic Variants, in Patients With Early vs Late-Onset Idiopathic Chronic Pancreatitis in a North American Cohort. Clinical Gastroenterology And Hepatology 2020, 19: 349-357. PMID: 32240833, PMCID: PMC7529676, DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2020.03.047.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsOnset of symptomsModerate alcohol drinkersNorth American cohortAlcohol drinkersAge of onsetAmerican cohortAlcohol useChronic pancreatitisClinical featuresLate-onset idiopathic chronic pancreatitisNorth American Pancreatitis Study 2Genetic variantsEarly-onset ICPLate-onset ICPQuarter of patientsHalf of patientsIdiopathic chronic pancreatitisHigher proportionHeavy alcohol useCross-sectional analysisICP symptomsConstant painMedian ageAvailable patientsProspective study
2019
Genetic Risk Score in Diabetes Associated With Chronic Pancreatitis Versus Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Goodarzi MO, Nagpal T, Greer P, Cui J, Chen YI, Guo X, Pankow JS, Rotter JI, Alkaade S, Amann ST, Baillie J, Banks PA, Brand RE, Conwell DL, Cote GA, Forsmark CE, Gardner TB, Gelrud A, Guda N, LaRusch J, Lewis MD, Money ME, Muniraj T, Papachristou GI, Romagnuolo J, Sandhu BS, Sherman S, Singh VK, Wilcox CM, Pandol SJ, Park WG, Andersen DK, Bellin MD, Hart PA, Yadav D, Whitcomb DC. Genetic Risk Score in Diabetes Associated With Chronic Pancreatitis Versus Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Clinical And Translational Gastroenterology 2019, 10: e00057. PMID: 31232720, PMCID: PMC6708663, DOI: 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000057.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsGenetic risk scoreDiabetes mellitusChronic pancreatitisCP-DMPancreatogenic diabetesRisk scoreNorth American Pancreatitis Study 2Type 2 diabetes mellitusLarge prospective studiesSingle nucleotide polymorphismsMulti-Ethnic StudyWeighted genetic risk scoreMean genetic risk scoreDiabetic groupNondiabetic controlsProspective studyNucleotide polymorphismsPathophysiologic entityFamily historyT2DMDiabetesType 2Separate disordersGold standardMellitusChronic Pancreatitis
Schwarzenberg SJ, Uc A, Zimmerman B, Wilschanski M, Wilcox CM, Whitcomb DC, Werlin SL, Troendle D, Tang G, Slivka A, Singh VK, Sherman S, Shah U, Sandhu BS, Romagnuolo J, Rhee S, Pohl JF, Perito ER, Ooi CY, Nathan JD, Muniraj T, Morinville VD, McFerron B, Mascarenhas M, Maqbool A, Liu Q, Lin TK, Lewis M, Husain SZ, Himes R, Heyman MB, Guda N, Gonska T, Giefer MJ, Gelrud A, Gariepy CE, Gardner TB, Freedman SD, Forsmark CE, Fishman DS, Cote GA, Conwell D, Brand RE, Bellin M, Barth B, Banks PA, Anderson MA, Amann ST, Alkaade S, Abu‐El‐Haija M, Abberbock JN, Lowe ME, Yadav D. Chronic Pancreatitis. Journal Of Pediatric Gastroenterology And Nutrition 2019, 68: 566-573. PMID: 30897605, PMCID: PMC6492264, DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000002279.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsChronic pancreatitisRisk factorsGenetic risk factorsOnly risk factorEmergency room visitsInternational Study GroupAge of onsetWork/schoolDisease durationPediatric pancreatitisRoom visitsDiabetes prevalenceRadiographic findingsAppropriate statistical testsPancreatic insufficiencyChildhood onsetStudy groupSecondary analysisCohortNatural historyPancreatitisCP treatmentAdultsChildrenLength of timeIncreased awareness enhances physician recognition of the role of smoking in chronic pancreatitis
Muniraj T, Yadav D, Abberbock JN, Alkaade S, Amann ST, Anderson MA, Banks PA, Brand RE, Conwell D, Cote GA, Forsmark CE, Gardner TB, Gelrud A, Guda N, Lewis MD, Romagnuolo J, Sandhu BS, Sherman S, Singh VK, Slivka A, Tang G, Whitcomb DC, Wilcox CM. Increased awareness enhances physician recognition of the role of smoking in chronic pancreatitis. Pancreatology 2019, 19: 500-506. PMID: 30910452, PMCID: PMC6619496, DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2019.02.009.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCP risk factorsPack/dayRisk factorsPhysician recognitionSmoking statusAS studiesIdentification of smokingPancreatitis risk factorsRole of smokingRisk of CPPhysician questionnairesStructured patientAlcohol etiologyCP patientsPast smokersChronic pancreatitisMultivariable analysisSmoking ratesUS CentersSmokingEmpiric dataPatientsPhysiciansWide-spread disseminationEtiology
2018
Recurrent Acute Pancreatitis Significantly Reduces Quality of Life Even in the Absence of Overt Chronic Pancreatitis
Coté GA, Yadav D, Abberbock JA, Whitcomb DC, Sherman S, Sandhu BS, Anderson MA, Lewis MD, Alkaade S, Singh VK, Baillie J, Banks PA, Conwell D, Guda NM, Muniraj T, Tang G, Brand R, Gelrud A, Amann ST, Forsmark CE, Wilcox C, Slivka A, Gardner TB. Recurrent Acute Pancreatitis Significantly Reduces Quality of Life Even in the Absence of Overt Chronic Pancreatitis. The American Journal Of Gastroenterology 2018, 113: 906-912. PMID: 29867178, PMCID: PMC6136830, DOI: 10.1038/s41395-018-0087-7.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMental component summary scoresRecurrent acute pancreatitisLower physical component summaryPhysical component summaryQuality of lifeChronic pancreatitisAcute pancreatitisLower mental component summary scoresMental QOLLower QOLShort Form-12Component summary scoresCross-sectional studyMultivariable regression modelsNon-disease controlsEndocrine insufficiencyComponent summaryIndependent predictorsForm-12CP subjectsPancreatitisSummary scoresObjectivesThe impactU.S. CentersQOL predictorsKnown genetic susceptibility factors for chronic pancreatitis in patients of European ancestry are rare in patients of African ancestry
Phillips AE, LaRusch J, Greer P, Abberbock J, Alkaade S, Amann ST, Anderson MA, Baillie J, Banks PA, Brand RE, Conwell D, Coté GA, Forsmark CE, Gardner TB, Gelrud A, Guda N, Lewis M, Money ME, Muniraj T, Sandhu BS, Sherman S, Singh VK, Slivka A, Tang G, Wilcox CM, Whitcomb DC, Yadav D. Known genetic susceptibility factors for chronic pancreatitis in patients of European ancestry are rare in patients of African ancestry. Pancreatology 2018, 18: 528-535. PMID: 29859674, PMCID: PMC8715541, DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2018.05.482.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchPathogenic genetic variantsRecurrent acute pancreatitisAA patientsAA subjectsGenetic variantsAfrican ancestryGenetic susceptibility factorsComplex risk factorsAfrican American subjectsNAPS2 studyAlcohol etiologyAcute pancreatitisChronic pancreatitisEA patientsCP subjectsRisk factorsAA casesPatientsPancreatitisSusceptibility factorsPrevalenceFurther studiesEA subjectsStructured questionnaireSPINK1
2017
Patient and Disease Characteristics Associated With the Presence of Diabetes Mellitus in Adults With Chronic Pancreatitis in the United States
Bellin MD, Whitcomb DC, Abberbock J, Sherman S, Sandhu BS, Gardner TB, Anderson MA, Lewis MD, Alkaade S, Singh VK, Baillie J, Banks PA, Conwell D, Cote GA, Guda NM, Muniraj T, Tang G, Brand RE, Gelrud A, Amann ST, Forsmark CE, Wilcox CM, Slivka A, Yadav D. Patient and Disease Characteristics Associated With the Presence of Diabetes Mellitus in Adults With Chronic Pancreatitis in the United States. The American Journal Of Gastroenterology 2017, 112: 1457. PMID: 28741615, PMCID: PMC6168293, DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2017.181.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsDiabetes mellitusChronic pancreatitisRisk factorsPancreas surgeryFamily historyType 2 diabetes mellitusMultivariate logistic regression modelingDM risk factorsLarge multicenter cohortStrong risk factorCross-sectional assessmentLogistic regression modelingCommon complicationCP patientsPatient demographicsMulticenter cohortExocrine insufficiencyPancreatic calcificationSingle centerDisease characteristicsDM diagnosisMultivariable modelSingle etiologyHigher oddsPatientsValidation of Demographics, Etiology, and Risk Factors for Chronic Pancreatitis in the USA: A Report of the North American Pancreas Study (NAPS) Group
Conwell DL, Banks PA, Sandhu BS, Sherman S, Al-Kaade S, Gardner TB, Anderson MA, Wilcox CM, Lewis MD, Muniraj T, Forsmark CE, Cote GA, Guda NM, Tian Y, Romagnuolo J, Wisniewski SR, Brand R, Gelrud A, Slivka A, Whitcomb DC, Yadav D. Validation of Demographics, Etiology, and Risk Factors for Chronic Pancreatitis in the USA: A Report of the North American Pancreas Study (NAPS) Group. Digestive Diseases And Sciences 2017, 62: 2133-2140. PMID: 28600657, PMCID: PMC6040886, DOI: 10.1007/s10620-017-4621-z.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsRisk factorsIdiopathic etiologyEpidemiologic trendsChronic pancreatitis patientsRecent epidemiologic trendsMultiple risk factorsCurrent epidemiologic trendsNAPS2 studyAlcohol etiologyCP patientsYounger patientsChronic pancreatitisCommon etiologyPancreatitis patientsMean ageConclusionOur dataUS CentersStudy groupEtiologyObjectivesOur aimPatientsGenetic etiologySmokingDemographic factorsValidation study586 Clinical Profile of Early and Late Onset Idiopathic Chronic Pancreatitis (ICP) and the Influence of Known Genetic Factors
Lewis M, Whitcomb D, Talluri J, Abberbock J, Gelrud A, Banks P, Gardner T, Amann S, Sherman S, Sandhu B, Alkaade S, Singh V, Conwell D, Cote G, Guda N, Forsmark C, Wilcox C, Muniraj T, Tang G, Baillie J, Brand R, Slivka A, Anderson M, Yadav D. 586 Clinical Profile of Early and Late Onset Idiopathic Chronic Pancreatitis (ICP) and the Influence of Known Genetic Factors. Gastroenterology 2017, 152: s128. DOI: 10.1016/s0016-5085(17)30760-6.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchQuality of Life in Chronic Pancreatitis is Determined by Constant Pain, Disability/Unemployment, Current Smoking, and Associated Co-Morbidities
Machicado JD, Amann ST, Anderson MA, Abberbock J, Sherman S, Conwell DL, Cote GA, Singh VK, Lewis MD, Alkaade S, Sandhu BS, Guda NM, Muniraj T, Tang G, Baillie J, Brand RE, Gardner TB, Gelrud A, Forsmark CE, Banks PA, Slivka A, Wilcox CM, Whitcomb DC, Yadav D. Quality of Life in Chronic Pancreatitis is Determined by Constant Pain, Disability/Unemployment, Current Smoking, and Associated Co-Morbidities. The American Journal Of Gastroenterology 2017, 112: 633. PMID: 28244497, PMCID: PMC5828017, DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2017.42.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsQuality of lifeMild-moderate painCurrent smokingChronic pancreatitisMCS scoresConstant painCP patientsSevere painShort Form-12 (SF-12) surveyMental component summary scoresConstant severe painComponent summary scoresMultivariable linear regression modelsAssociated co morbiditiesIndependent effectsFinal multivariable modelNAPS2 studySignificant independent effectDisease durationCo morbiditiesMean PCSIndependent predictorsMultivariable analysisPancreatic surgeryPCS scores
2016
Racial Differences in the Clinical Profile, Causes, and Outcome of Chronic Pancreatitis
Wilcox CM, Sandhu BS, Singh V, Gelrud A, Abberbock JN, Sherman S, Cote GA, Al-Kaade S, Anderson MA, Gardner TB, Lewis MD, Forsmark CE, Guda NM, Romagnuolo J, Baillie J, Amann ST, Muniraj T, Tang G, Conwell DL, Banks PA, Brand RE, Slivka A, Whitcomb D, Yadav D. Racial Differences in the Clinical Profile, Causes, and Outcome of Chronic Pancreatitis. The American Journal Of Gastroenterology 2016, 111: 1488. PMID: 27527745, PMCID: PMC6196097, DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2016.316.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAbdominal PainAdultAgedAtrophyBlack or African AmericanCalcinosisCommon Bile Duct DiseasesConstriction, PathologicExocrine Pancreatic InsufficiencyFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPain MeasurementPancreasPancreatic DiseasesPancreatic DuctsPancreatitis, AlcoholicPancreatitis, ChronicPrevalenceProspective StudiesRisk FactorsSex FactorsSmokingTime FactorsWhite PeopleYoung AdultConceptsChronic pancreatitisBlack patientsClinical profileDuration of CPNorth American Pancreatitis StudiesDuration of diseaseAlcoholic chronic pancreatitisProgression of pancreatitisRacial differencesPrior cholecystectomyPain characteristicsAlcohol etiologyCurrent smokersDisease durationSevere painEndoscopic treatmentWhite patientsRisk factorsPancreatic morphologyUS CentersEpidemiologic studiesPatientsAdvanced changesRetrospective dataDetailed questionnaireClinical Profile, Etiology, and Treatment of Chronic Pancreatitis in North American Women
Romagnuolo J, Talluri J, Kennard E, Sandhu BS, Sherman S, Cote GA, Al-Kaade S, Gardner TB, Gelrud A, Lewis MD, Forsmark CE, Guda NM, Conwell DL, Banks PA, Muniraj T, Wisniewski SR, Tian Y, Wilcox CM, Anderson MA, Brand RE, Slivka A, Whitcomb DC, Yadav D. Clinical Profile, Etiology, and Treatment of Chronic Pancreatitis in North American Women. Pancreas 2016, 45: 934-940. PMID: 26967451, PMCID: PMC4940220, DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000000616.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsChronic pancreatitisNonalcoholic etiologyMulticenter US cohortEndocrine insufficiencyAlcohol etiologyClinical profileMedical therapyNorth American womenUS cohortRisk factorsChronic diseasesMorphologic findingsAlcoholic malesPain experienceCP casesClinical phenotypeEtiologyDetailed questionnaireWomenDiseaseAmerican womenPancreatitisPatientsRecent dataDemographics961 Quality of Life (QOL) in Chronic Pancreatitis (CP) Is Determined by Constant Pain, Disability, Current Smoking and Associated Co-Morbidities
Machicado J, Amann S, Anderson M, Abberbock J, Sherman S, Conwell D, Cote G, Singh V, Wilcox C, Lewis M, Alkaade S, Sandhu B, Guda N, Muniraj T, Tang G, Baillie J, Brand R, Gardner T, Gelrud A, Forsmark C, Banks P, Slivka A, Whitcomb D, Yadav D. 961 Quality of Life (QOL) in Chronic Pancreatitis (CP) Is Determined by Constant Pain, Disability, Current Smoking and Associated Co-Morbidities. Gastroenterology 2016, 150: s191-s192. DOI: 10.1016/s0016-5085(16)30723-5.Peer-Reviewed Original Research