Clinical doses of atomoxetine significantly occupy both norepinephrine and serotonin transports: Implications on treatment of depression and ADHD
Ding YS, Naganawa M, Gallezot JD, Nabulsi N, Lin SF, Ropchan J, Weinzimmer D, McCarthy TJ, Carson RE, Huang Y, Laruelle M. Clinical doses of atomoxetine significantly occupy both norepinephrine and serotonin transports: Implications on treatment of depression and ADHD. NeuroImage 2013, 86: 164-171. PMID: 23933039, DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.08.001.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdrenergic Uptake InhibitorsAnimalsAtomoxetine HydrochlorideAttention Deficit Disorder with HyperactivityBrainDepressionDose-Response Relationship, DrugMacaca mulattaNorepinephrine Plasma Membrane Transport ProteinsPositron-Emission TomographyPropylaminesSerotonin Plasma Membrane Transport ProteinsTissue DistributionConceptsTreatment of depressionNorepinephrine transporterComparative PET imaging studyMetabolite-corrected arterial input functionFinal infusion rateDoses of atomoxetineDose-dependent occupancyPET imaging studiesSelective serotonin transporter (SERT) ligandNon-human primatesPlasma levelsSelective blockadeSaline infusionClinical dosesTherapeutic effectInfusion rateRelevant dosePET scansAtomoxetineRelevant dosesSerotonin transporter ligandDistribution volumeImaging studiesRhesus monkeysArterial input functionThe neuroinflammation marker translocator protein is not elevated in individuals with mild-to-moderate depression: A [11C]PBR28 PET study
Hannestad J, DellaGioia N, Gallezot JD, Lim K, Nabulsi N, Esterlis I, Pittman B, Lee JY, O’Connor K, Pelletier D, Carson RE. The neuroinflammation marker translocator protein is not elevated in individuals with mild-to-moderate depression: A [11C]PBR28 PET study. Brain Behavior And Immunity 2013, 33: 131-138. PMID: 23850810, PMCID: PMC3899398, DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2013.06.010.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsLevels of TSPOControl subjectsSystemic inflammationPositron emission tomographyModerate depressionTSPO levelsActivation of microgliaTranslocator protein 18Total ligand bindingAcute episodePrimary outcomePostmortem studiesSevere depressionMajor depressionPET scansTSPO genotypeBrain regionsEmission tomographySubject factorsPET studiesArterial input functionInflammationElevated levelsProtein 18Depression