The role of hyperosmotic stress in inflammation and disease
Brocker C, Thompson DC, Vasiliou V. The role of hyperosmotic stress in inflammation and disease. BioMolecular Concepts 2012, 3: 345-364. PMID: 22977648, PMCID: PMC3438915, DOI: 10.1515/bmc-2012-0001.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchHyperosmotic stressNon-renal tissuesCell cycle arrestHigh extracellular osmolarityOsmolyte synthesisCytoskeletal rearrangementsRegulatory pathwaysMitochondrial depolarizationShock proteinsHyperosmotic conditionsHuman diseasesCell shrinkageDNA damageMammalian kidneyCycle arrestInner medullary regionProtein carbonylationCytoprotective mechanismsExtracellular osmolarityConcentrating mechanismAntioxidant enzymesAdaptive mechanismsPhysiological conditionsPathological consequencesOxidative stress