Featured Publications
Effect of Physician Gender and Race on Simulated Patients’ Ratings and Confidence in Their Physicians
Solnick RE, Peyton K, Kraft-Todd G, Safdar B. Effect of Physician Gender and Race on Simulated Patients’ Ratings and Confidence in Their Physicians. JAMA Network Open 2020, 3: e1920511. PMID: 32083686, PMCID: PMC7043197, DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.20511.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsWhite male physiciansPatient satisfactionPhysician genderMale physiciansHistory of cancerAbdominal surgical proceduresEmergency department physiciansLower patient satisfactionSignificant differencesOnline symptom checkersBlack physiciansComposite outcomeControl physiciansPhysician diagnosisPatient evaluationDepartment physiciansPatient ratingsSurgical proceduresMAIN OUTCOMEPhysician confidenceClinical diagnosisPhysiciansWhite womenDiagnosisWhite menSurvival of the Fittest: Impact of Cardiorespiratory Fitness on Outcomes in Men and Women with Cardiovascular Disease
Safdar B, Mangi AA. Survival of the Fittest: Impact of Cardiorespiratory Fitness on Outcomes in Men and Women with Cardiovascular Disease. Clinical Therapeutics 2020, 42: 385-392. PMID: 32088022, DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2020.01.014.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsCardiorespiratory FitnessCardiovascular DiseasesExercise TherapyFemaleHumansMaleRisk FactorsSex FactorsConceptsPeak cardiorespiratory fitnessCardiorespiratory fitnessCardiovascular diseaseCardiac rehabilitationPhysical inactivityMyocardial infarctionImpact of CRFOnset of CVDPeak exercise capacityCardiac rehabilitation programModifiable risk factorsRecurrent myocardial infarctionPoor functional outcomeCause of mortalitySex differencesImpact of sexCVD outcomesExercise capacityImproved survivalLow referralMale patientsFemale patientsExercise prescriptionFunctional outcomeRisk factorsClues to Diagnose Myocardial Infarction in the Young No Longer a Needle in the Haystack ∗
Safdar B. Clues to Diagnose Myocardial Infarction in the Young No Longer a Needle in the Haystack ∗. Journal Of The American College Of Cardiology 2019, 73: 585-588. PMID: 30732712, DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.11.034.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchPresentation, Clinical Profile, and Prognosis of Young Patients With Myocardial Infarction With Nonobstructive Coronary Arteries (MINOCA): Results From the VIRGO Study
Safdar B, Spatz ES, Dreyer RP, Beltrame JF, Lichtman JH, Spertus JA, Reynolds HR, Geda M, Bueno H, Dziura JD, Krumholz HM, D'Onofrio G. Presentation, Clinical Profile, and Prognosis of Young Patients With Myocardial Infarction With Nonobstructive Coronary Arteries (MINOCA): Results From the VIRGO Study. Journal Of The American Heart Association 2018, 7: e009174. PMID: 29954744, PMCID: PMC6064896, DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.009174.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMI-CAD patientsNonobstructive coronary arteriesMI-CADYounger patientsClinical profileCoronary arteryMyocardial infarctionTraditional cardiac risk factorsAcute myocardial infarction patientsCardiac risk factorsGestational diabetes mellitusMyocardial infarction patientsTimes higher oddsMINOCA patientsSAQ qualityVIRGO StudyClinical characteristicsHypercoaguable stateDiabetes mellitusObstructive diseaseClinical outcomesInfarction patientsRisk factorsMINOCAPsychosocial status
2021
Influence of Sex and Gender on Lifestyle Interventions for Cardiovascular Disease
Safdar B. Influence of Sex and Gender on Lifestyle Interventions for Cardiovascular Disease. Clinical Therapeutics 2021, 44: 8-10. PMID: 34973826, DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2021.12.004.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchSex- or Gender-specific Differences in the Clinical Presentation, Outcome, and Treatment of SARS-CoV-2
Wolfe J, Safdar B, Madsen TE, Sethuraman KN, Becker B, Greenberg MR, McGregor AJ. Sex- or Gender-specific Differences in the Clinical Presentation, Outcome, and Treatment of SARS-CoV-2. Clinical Therapeutics 2021, 43: 557-571.e1. PMID: 33583576, PMCID: PMC7833665, DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2021.01.015.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsImmunologic responseBody's immunologic responseCOVID-19 presentationComplications of infectionSARS-CoV-2Influence of hormonesGender-specific differencesClinical presentationLaboratory presentationOutcomesSex differencesSexBody responseInfectionTreatmentPresentationGender differencesResponseComplicationsDifferencesHormonePrevention
2020
Relationship Between Depressive Symptoms and Health Status in Peripheral Artery Disease: Role of Sex Differences
Jelani Q, Mena‐Hurtado C, Burg M, Soufer R, Gosch K, Jones PG, Spertus JA, Safdar B, Smolderen KG. Relationship Between Depressive Symptoms and Health Status in Peripheral Artery Disease: Role of Sex Differences. Journal Of The American Heart Association 2020, 9: e014583. PMID: 32781883, PMCID: PMC7660812, DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.014583.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPeripheral artery diseaseDepressive symptomsHealth statusArtery diseaseEQ-5D visual analog scale scoresEQ-5D visual analog scaleVisual analog scale scoreGeneric health statusPeripheral Artery QuestionnaireVascular specialty clinicsAnalog scale scoreHealth status scoresPatient Health QuestionnaireSevere depressive symptomsVisual analog scaleHealth status outcomesWorse health statusAdjusted general linear modelSex differencesPORTRAIT registryPAD diagnosisPAD symptomsAnalog scaleConclusions WomenMean age
2019
Inclusion of Sex and Gender in Emergency Medicine Research—A 2018 Update
Safdar B, Ayala K, Ali SS, Seifer BJ, Hong M, Greenberg MR, Choo EK, McGregor AJ. Inclusion of Sex and Gender in Emergency Medicine Research—A 2018 Update. Academic Emergency Medicine 2019, 26: 293-302. PMID: 30637897, DOI: 10.1111/acem.13688.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2015
Sex Differences in Reperfusion in Young Patients With ST-Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction
D'Onofrio G, Safdar B, Lichtman JH, Strait KM, Dreyer RP, Geda M, Spertus JA, Krumholz HM. Sex Differences in Reperfusion in Young Patients With ST-Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction. Circulation 2015, 131: 1324-1332. PMID: 25792558, PMCID: PMC4652789, DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.114.012293.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsST-segment elevation myocardial infarctionMyocardial infarctionReperfusion therapyAcute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarctionProspective observational cohort studyYoung AMI Patients (VIRGO) studyTime guidelinesYoung womenObservational cohort studyProportion of patientsElevation myocardial infarctionPercutaneous coronary interventionYears of ageSex differencesPatients 18Reperfusion strategyCohort studyCoronary interventionFibrinolytic therapyNeedle timeYounger patientsReperfusion delayRatio of womenReperfusion guidelinesSex disparities
2014
Sex‐ and Gender‐specific Research Priorities in Cardiovascular Resuscitation: Proceedings from the 2014 Academic Emergency Medicine Consensus Conference Cardiovascular Resuscitation Research Workgroup
Wigginton JG, Perman SM, Barr GC, McGregor AJ, Miller AC, Napoli A, Safdar B, Weaver KR, Deutsch S, Kayea T, Becker L. Sex‐ and Gender‐specific Research Priorities in Cardiovascular Resuscitation: Proceedings from the 2014 Academic Emergency Medicine Consensus Conference Cardiovascular Resuscitation Research Workgroup. Academic Emergency Medicine 2014, 21: 1343-1349. PMID: 25491706, PMCID: PMC6406034, DOI: 10.1111/acem.12541.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCardiac arrestCardiac resuscitationCardiovascular resuscitationPatient outcomesConsensus conferenceHospital cardiac arrest epidemiologyWithdrawal of careCardiovascular Outcomes ResearchSudden cardiac arrestGender-specific researchAcademic Emergency Medicine consensus conferenceDismal prognosisResuscitation drugsSex steroidsGender-specific issuesDisease processCardiopulmonary resuscitation trainingResuscitationTreatment roleEmergency medicineResuscitation trainingTemperature managementOutcomes researchOutcomesSexDifferential Survival for Men and Women from Out‐of‐hospital Cardiac Arrest Varies by Age: Results from the OPALS Study
Safdar B, Stolz U, Stiell IG, Cone DC, Bobrow BJ, deBoehr M, Dreyer J, Maloney J, Spaite DW. Differential Survival for Men and Women from Out‐of‐hospital Cardiac Arrest Varies by Age: Results from the OPALS Study. Academic Emergency Medicine 2014, 21: 1503-1511. PMID: 25491713, DOI: 10.1111/acem.12540.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAge FactorsAgedAged, 80 and overArrhythmias, CardiacCardiopulmonary ResuscitationElectric CountershockEmergency Medical ServicesFemaleGender IdentityHumansMaleMiddle AgedOdds RatioOntarioOut-of-Hospital Cardiac ArrestRegression AnalysisRisk FactorsSex CharacteristicsSex FactorsSurvival AnalysisSurvival RateTime FactorsConceptsHospital dischargeEmergency medical servicesProbability of survivalOHCA patientsOPAL studyInitial ventricular fibrillation/ventricular tachycardia rhythmMultivariable logistic regression modelAge 47 yearsAge 65 yearsHospital cardiac arrestSex-stratified regression modelsPrimary risk factorRegression modelsLogistic regression modelsFractional polynomialsOHCA populationHospital admissionSpontaneous circulationAdult OHCACardiac arrestRapid defibrillationLife Support ProgramRisk factorsFavorable outcomeOHCA survivalOrganization, Execution and Evaluation of the 2014 Academic Emergency Medicine Consensus Conference on Gender‐Specific Research in Emergency Care – An Executive Summary
Safdar B, Greenberg MR. Organization, Execution and Evaluation of the 2014 Academic Emergency Medicine Consensus Conference on Gender‐Specific Research in Emergency Care – An Executive Summary. Academic Emergency Medicine 2014, 21: 1307-1317. PMID: 25420469, PMCID: PMC4340245, DOI: 10.1111/acem.12530.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsGender-specific researchEmergency careConsensus conferenceAcademic Emergency Medicine consensus conferencePatient outcomesConsensus-driven research agendaTrauma/injuryHealth care providersAcute careAcute conditionsAcute diseaseConsensus recommendationsIterative consensus processCare providersClinical careEmergency patientsAge 31Equitable careNominal group techniquePatient careSubstance abuseDiagnostic imagingMental healthCareGender medicineFunding Mechanisms for Gender‐specific Research: Proceedings from a Panel Discussion at the 2014 Academic Emergency Medicine Consensus Conference
Safdar B, Greenberg MR, Anise A, Brown J, Conwit R, Filart R, Scott J, Choo EK. Funding Mechanisms for Gender‐specific Research: Proceedings from a Panel Discussion at the 2014 Academic Emergency Medicine Consensus Conference. Academic Emergency Medicine 2014, 21: 1329-1333. PMID: 25413301, PMCID: PMC4278745, DOI: 10.1111/acem.12522.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchGender‐specific Research for Emergency Diagnosis and Management of Ischemic Heart Disease: Proceedings from the 2014 Academic Emergency Medicine Consensus Conference Cardiovascular Research Workgroup
Safdar B, Nagurney JT, Anise A, DeVon HA, D'Onofrio G, Hess EP, Hollander JE, Legato MJ, McGregor AJ, Scott J, Tewelde S, Diercks DB. Gender‐specific Research for Emergency Diagnosis and Management of Ischemic Heart Disease: Proceedings from the 2014 Academic Emergency Medicine Consensus Conference Cardiovascular Research Workgroup. Academic Emergency Medicine 2014, 21: 1350-1360. PMID: 25413468, PMCID: PMC6402042, DOI: 10.1111/acem.12527.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCoronary artery diseaseIschemic heart diseaseHeart diseaseCardiac ischemiaSymptomatic coronary artery diseaseObstructive coronary artery diseaseSex-specific pathophysiologyCoronary artery dissectionAge-matched menSex-specific riskPatient-centered outcomesPatient-provider communicationHealth care practitionersEmergency medical servicesGender-specific researchAcademic Emergency Medicine consensus conferencePerson meetingsBasic science researchArtery dissectionCardiovascular outcomesMonthly conference callsMicrovascular dysfunctionArtery diseasePatient outcomesCardiac biomarkers
2013
Focusing a Gender Lens on Emergency Medicine Research: 2012 Update
McGregor AJ, Greenberg M, Safdar B, Seigel T, Hendrickson R, Poznanski S, Davenport M, Miner J, Choo EK. Focusing a Gender Lens on Emergency Medicine Research: 2012 Update. Academic Emergency Medicine 2013, 20: 313-320. PMID: 23517266, DOI: 10.1111/acem.12085.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2011
Inclusion of Gender in Emergency Medicine Research
Safdar B, McGregor AJ, McKee SA, Ali A, Radulescu R, Himelfarb NT, Klein MR, Mazure CM. Inclusion of Gender in Emergency Medicine Research. Academic Emergency Medicine 2011, 18: e1-e4. PMID: 21314767, DOI: 10.1111/j.1553-2712.2010.00978.x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHealth outcomesEmergency departmentOdds ratioEmergency medicineConfidence intervalsEffect of genderPrimary hypothesisEmergency medical servicesGender-specific approachEmergency medicine researchAcute settingAdult human subjectsCardiovascular diseaseEmergency physiciansEmergency careManagement of diseasesStudy subjectsClinical specialistsPatient careStudy designStudy periodChi-squareMedical servicesOutcomesHuman subjects
2009
Improvements in Time to Reperfusion
Rao V, Safdar B, Parkosewich J, Lee LV, D'Onofrio G, Foody JM. Improvements in Time to Reperfusion. Critical Pathways In Cardiology A Journal Of Evidence-Based Medicine 2009, 8: 38-42. PMID: 19258837, DOI: 10.1097/hpc.0b013e318194e443.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAgedAged, 80 and overAngioplasty, Balloon, CoronaryCohort StudiesElectrocardiographyEmergency Service, HospitalEmergency TreatmentFemaleHospitals, TeachingHumansIncidenceMaleMiddle AgedMyocardial InfarctionPrognosisRetrospective StudiesRisk AssessmentSeverity of Illness IndexSex FactorsSurvival AnalysisTime FactorsTreatment OutcomeUrban HealthConceptsPrimary percutaneous coronary interventionST-elevation myocardial infarctionYale-New Haven HospitalPrimary PCIChart-abstracted dataPercutaneous coronary interventionUrban teaching hospitalQuality of carePhysician-level interventionsSingle-site studyChest painCoronary interventionHospital-wide systemPhysician awarenessEmergency departmentMyocardial infarctionHeart diseaseSTEMI careImproved outcomesTeaching hospitalEarly presentationReperfusionTimely managementClinical initiativesWomenImpact of Physician and Patient Gender on Pain Management in the Emergency Department—A Multicenter Study
Safdar B, Heins A, Homel P, Miner J, Neighbor M, DeSandre P, Todd KH. Impact of Physician and Patient Gender on Pain Management in the Emergency Department—A Multicenter Study. Pain Medicine 2009, 10: 364-372. PMID: 18992042, DOI: 10.1111/j.1526-4637.2008.00524.x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPain scoresLogistic regression modelsMale physiciansAnalgesic administrationOpioid administrationPain reliefSevere painPain assessmentMulticenter studyPatient genderProvider genderFemale physiciansAnalgesic administration ratesBaseline pain scoresED analgesic administrationReceipt of opioidsAdequate pain reliefAverage pain scorePain management practicesPain management decisionsInfluence of patientImpact of physiciansMale patient genderPatient-physician interactionConsecutive patients